Samuel A G
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1981 Oct;7(5):1124-31. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.7.5.1124.
Phonemic restoration is an illusion in which listeners hear spoken words as intact, even though parts of them have been replaced by an extraneous sound. An improved methodology was used to investigate how much the illusion depends upon the bottom-up confirmation of expectations generated at higher levels. A powerful bottom-up factor was phone class of the sound to be restored, and its acoustic similarity to the sound that replaced it. When white noise was the replacement sound, fricatives were better restored than vowels, whereas the pattern reversed with a pure tone replacement. Including a short silence period increased restoration of stop consonants. The data indicate that phonemic restoration depends upon the interplay between the listener's expectations and the acoustic signal.
音素恢复是一种错觉，在这种错觉中，听众会将听到的单词视为完整的，即使其中部分内容已被无关声音所取代。一种改进的方法被用于研究这种错觉在多大程度上依赖于由较高层次产生的期望的自下而上的确认。一个强大的自下而上的因素是待恢复声音的音素类别，以及它与取代它的声音在声学上的相似性。当用白噪声作为取代声音时，擦音比重读元音恢复得更好，而当用纯音取代时，情况则相反。包含一段短暂的静音期会增加塞音的恢复。数据表明，音素恢复依赖于听众期望与声学信号之间的相互作用。
