Desai Krishna, Sridhar Aarthi, Matos Jose, Mulla Sana, Thirumaran Rajesh
Internal Medicine, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
Hematology/Oncology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 17;14(7):e26933. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26933. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and challenging diagnosis that consists of thrombotic microangiopathy due to complete or severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 protease that can present at any age. It is very important to have a suspicion concerning this disease as mortality can be very high if it goes unnoticed. This case describes a patient that presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and hematuria and was found to have COVID-19 and TTP. We present a case of a 40-year-old female with no past medical history who presented to the Emergency Department with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dark urine. The patient workup revealed a platelet count of 4000. The patient was also noted to be COVID-19 positive. Upon further workup, the TTP diagnosis was confirmed. She responded appropriately to plasmapheresis and steroids. COVID-19 seems to be linked to a wide range of hematologic conditions including but not limited to TTP. In view that TTP can have significant mortality if untreated, we must be suspicious about this condition in COVID-19 cases. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of having a low threshold for making a diagnosis of TTP if labs are significant for hemolytic anemia. Our aim is also to emphasize that the treatment should be initiated if schistocytes are seen on the peripheral smear without awaiting laboratory results confirming low levels of ADAMTS13, given the fatal nature of the condition if left untreated.
血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是一种罕见且具有挑战性的诊断疾病,它由ADAMTS13蛋白酶完全缺乏或严重缺乏导致的血栓性微血管病组成,可发生于任何年龄。对这种疾病保持怀疑非常重要,因为如果未被注意到,死亡率可能会很高。本病例描述了一名出现胃肠道症状和血尿的患者,被发现同时患有COVID-19和TTP。我们报告一例40岁女性,既往无病史,因腹痛、恶心、呕吐和深色尿液就诊于急诊科。患者检查发现血小板计数为4000。患者COVID-19检测也呈阳性。进一步检查后,TTP诊断得以证实。她对血浆置换和类固醇治疗反应良好。COVID-19似乎与多种血液系统疾病有关,包括但不限于TTP。鉴于TTP如果不治疗可能有显著的死亡率,在COVID-19病例中我们必须对这种情况保持怀疑。本病例报告的目的是强调如果实验室检查显示有溶血性贫血,对TTP进行诊断时保持低阈值的重要性。我们的目的还在于强调,如果在外周血涂片上看到裂红细胞,应立即开始治疗,而不必等待实验室结果证实ADAMTS13水平低,因为这种疾病如果不治疗具有致命性。