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应对外国出生人口中的丙型肝炎:加拿大消除丙型肝炎病毒的关键。

Addressing hepatitis C in the foreign-born population: A key to hepatitis C virus elimination in Canada.

作者信息

Greenaway Christina, Makarenko Iuliia, Tanveer Fozia, Janjua Naveed Z

机构信息

Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

出版信息

Can Liver J. 2018 Jul 17;1(2):34-50. doi: 10.3138/canlivj.1.2.004. eCollection 2018 Spring.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease in Canada. Immigrants are an important group who are at increased risk for HCV; they account for a disproportionate number of all HCV cases in Canada (30%) and have approximately a twofold higher prevalence of HCV (2%) than those born in Canada. HCV-infected immigrants are more likely to develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and are more likely to have a liver-related death during a hospitalization than HCV-infected non-immigrants. Several factors, including lack of routine HCV screening programs in Canada for immigrants before or after arrival, lack of awareness on the part of health practitioners that immigrants are at increased risk of HCV and could benefit from screening, and several patient- and health system-level barriers that affect access to health care and treatment likely contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment uptake. HCV screening and engagement in care among immigrants can be improved through reminders in electronic medical records that prompt practitioners to screen for HCV during clinical visits and implementation of decentralized community-based screening strategies that address cultural and language barriers. In conclusion, early screening and linkage to care for immigrants from countries with an intermediate or high prevalence of HCV would not only improve the health of this population but will be key to achieving HCV elimination in Canada. This article describes the unique barriers encountered by the foreign-born population in accessing HCV care and approaches to overcoming these barriers.

摘要

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是加拿大传染病致死的主要原因。移民是感染HCV风险增加的重要群体;他们在加拿大所有HCV病例中占比过高(约30%),HCV患病率(约2%)比加拿大本土出生的人高出约两倍。与未感染HCV的非移民相比,感染HCV的移民更易发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌,住院期间因肝脏相关疾病死亡的可能性也更高。包括加拿大在移民入境前后缺乏常规HCV筛查项目、医护人员未意识到移民感染HCV风险增加且能从筛查中获益,以及影响获得医疗保健和治疗的若干患者及医疗系统层面的障碍等多种因素,可能导致诊断和治疗延迟。通过电子病历中的提醒促使医护人员在临床就诊时对HCV进行筛查,以及实施解决文化和语言障碍的分散式社区筛查策略,可以改善移民中的HCV筛查和医疗服务参与情况。总之,对来自HCV中度或高度流行国家的移民进行早期筛查并提供医疗服务,不仅能改善这一人群的健康状况,也是加拿大实现消除HCV的关键。本文描述了外国出生人群在获得HCV治疗时遇到的独特障碍以及克服这些障碍的方法。

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