乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的患病率、知晓率以及乙肝疫苗诱导的免疫力：2016 - 2019年加拿大健康测量调查结果
Prevalence and awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B: Findings from the Canadian Health Measure Survey, 2016-2019.
作者信息
Périnet Simone, Williams Anson, Yang Qiuying, Campeau Laurence, Day Jacqueline, Lamboo Lindsey, Lee Emma R, Osiowy Carla, Popovic Nashira
机构信息
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
出版信息
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2025 Jul 1;51(6-7):238-248. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v51i67a03. eCollection 2025 Jul.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections that Canada is committed to eliminate as public health concerns. Accurate epidemiological estimates require cross-sectional data as input. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of present HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen-positive) and proportion aware of their infection, the vaccine-induced HBV immunity, the prevalence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV-positive), the prevalence of present HCV infection (RNA-positive) and proportion aware of their infection, in the household population in Canada. These outcomes were also examined by selected demographic characteristics.
METHODS
A total of 7,543 sera from participants of the Canadian Health Measure Survey (CHMS) cycles 5 (2016-2017) and 6 (2018-2019) who consented to participate in Statistics Canada's Biobank were tested to determine their HBV and HCV status. Information from the CHMS household questionnaire was linked to the laboratory results to report on sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of infection.
RESULTS
The stored serum combined response rate for this study, which takes into account households' and respondents' participation in the CHMS and the Biobank was 42.8%. The estimated prevalence of present HBV infection among people aged 14 to 79 years was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.7%), of whom 49.0% (95% CI: 15.4%-82.6%) were aware of their infection. An estimated 39.0% (95% CI: 37.0%-41.0%) of people aged 11 to 79 years had laboratory evidence of vaccine-induced HBV immunity. An estimated 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.8%) of people aged 14 to 79 years were positive for anti-HCV, and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0%-0.3%) had a present infection (RNA-positive), of whom 51.2% (95% CI: 9.5%-92.9%) were aware of their infection.
CONCLUSION
Cross-sectional data using nationally representative surveys are essential in assessing the burden of viral hepatitis.
背景
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是性传播和血源性感染，加拿大致力于消除这些作为公共卫生问题的感染。准确的流行病学估计需要横断面数据作为输入。本研究的目的是估计加拿大家庭人口中现患HBV感染（乙肝表面抗原阳性）的患病率、知晓自身感染情况的比例、疫苗诱导的HBV免疫力、HCV抗体（抗-HCV阳性）的患病率、现患HCV感染（RNA阳性）的患病率以及知晓自身感染情况的比例。还按选定的人口统计学特征对这些结果进行了检查。
方法
对加拿大健康测量调查（CHMS）第5轮（2016 - 2017年）和第6轮（2018 - 2019年）中同意参与加拿大统计局生物样本库的7543名参与者的血清进行检测，以确定其HBV和HCV状态。将CHMS家庭问卷中的信息与实验室结果相关联，以报告社会人口学特征和感染知晓情况。
结果
本研究考虑家庭和受访者参与CHMS及生物样本库情况后的血清综合应答率为42.8%。14至79岁人群中现患HBV感染的估计患病率为0.4%（95%置信区间：0.1% - 0.7%），其中49.0%（95%置信区间：15.4% - 82.6%）知晓自身感染情况。11至79岁人群中估计有39.0%（95%置信区间：37.0% - 41.0%）有疫苗诱导的HBV免疫力的实验室证据。14至79岁人群中估计有0.5%（95%置信区间：0.2% - 0.8%）抗-HCV呈阳性，0.2%（95%置信区间：0.0% - 0.3%）有现患感染（RNA阳性），其中51.2%（95%置信区间：9.5% - 92.9%）知晓自身感染情况。
结论
使用具有全国代表性调查的横断面数据对于评估病毒性肝炎负担至关重要。
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