Experimental Research Laboratory on Bone Metabolism, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 5;13:899375. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.899375. eCollection 2022.
In these recent years many people are adopting a vegetarian type diet due to the numerous positive health effects of this regimen such as the reduction of the incidence of many chronic disorders like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cancer. However this diet is quite restrictive and so it could be possible to have a deficiency in some specific nutrients, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Although there are conflicting results on the effects of the vegetarian diet on bone health and fracture incidence, it is always recommendable in vegetarian people to have an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, through an increased intake of supplements, natural and fortified foods, an adequate intake of protein, fruit, vegetables, as well as vitamin B12. The aim of this literature review is to revise the actual knowledge of the effect of some nutrients and vegetarian diets on bone health.
近年来，由于这种饮食方案对健康有诸多积极影响，如降低糖尿病、高血压、肥胖和癌症等许多慢性疾病的发病率，许多人开始采用素食饮食。然而，这种饮食非常受限，因此有可能会缺乏某些特定的营养物质，增加骨质疏松症和骨折的风险。尽管关于素食对骨骼健康和骨折发生率的影响存在相互矛盾的结果，但对于素食者来说，始终建议通过增加补充剂、天然和强化食品、适量摄入蛋白质、水果、蔬菜以及维生素 B12 的方式，摄入足够的钙和维生素 D。本文综述的目的是回顾一些营养素和素食饮食对骨骼健康的影响的现有知识。
