Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2022 Nov;11(6):648-655. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Aug 20.
Physical inactivity is a well-established risk factor for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. There is a growing awareness that physical inactivity should also be regarded as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). ARIs, such as the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are among the most pervasive diseases on earth and cause widespread morbidity and mortality. Evidence in support of the linkage between ARIs and physical inactivity has been strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased scientific scrutiny. Large-scale studies have consistently reported that the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes is elevated in cohorts with low physical activity and/or physical fitness, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The lowered risk for severe COVID-19 and other ARIs in physically active groups is attributed to exercise-induced immunoprotective effects, including enhanced surveillance of key immune cells and reduced chronic inflammation. Scientific consensus groups, including those who submitted the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, have not yet given this area of research the respect that is due. It is time to add "reduced risk for ARIs" to the "Exercise is Medicine" list of physical activity-related health benefits.
身体活动不足是心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病等慢性病的一个既定危险因素。越来越多的人认识到，身体活动不足也应被视为急性呼吸道感染（ARI）的一个危险因素。ARI，如普通感冒、流感、肺炎和 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19），是地球上最普遍的疾病之一，造成广泛的发病率和死亡率。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，由于科学审查的加强，支持 ARI 与身体活动不足之间联系的证据得到了加强。大规模研究一致报告，在身体活动水平低和/或身体适应性差的队列中，严重 COVID-19 结局的风险增加，即使在调整了其他危险因素后也是如此。身体活跃组中严重 COVID-19 和其他 ARI 风险降低归因于运动诱导的免疫保护作用，包括关键免疫细胞的增强监测和减少慢性炎症。科学共识小组，包括那些提交《美国人身体活动指南》的小组，尚未给予这一研究领域应有的尊重。现在是将“降低 ARI 风险”添加到与身体活动相关的健康益处的“运动就是良药”清单的时候了。
