Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2022;39(6):1-44. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022040686.
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women and the major cause of worldwide cancer-related deaths among women. Various treatment strategies including conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, gene silencing and deliberately engineered nanomaterials for receptor mediated targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors, etc are being investigated by scientists to combat breast cancer. Smartly designed/fabricated nanomaterials are being explored to target breast cancer through enhanced permeation and retention effect; and also, being conjugated with suitable ligand for receptor-mediated endocytosis to target breast cancer for diagnostic, and theranostic applications. These receptor-targeted nanomedicines have shown efficacy to target specific tumor tissue/cells abstaining the healthy tissues/cells from cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug molecules. In the last few decades, theranostic nanomedicines have gained much attention among other nanoparticle systems due to their unique ability to deliver chemotherapeutic as well as diagnostic agents, simultaneously. Theranostic nanomaterials are emerging as novel paradigm with ability for concurrent delivery of imaging (with contrasting agents), targeting (with biomarkers), and anticancer therapeutics with one delivery system (as cancer theranostics) and can transpire as promising strategy to overcome various hurdles for effective management of breast cancer including its most aggressive form, triple-negative breast cancer.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症之一，也是全球女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。科学家正在研究各种治疗策略，包括常规化疗、免疫疗法、基因疗法、基因沉默和专门设计的纳米材料，用于受体介导的抗癌药物、抗体和小分子抑制剂的靶向递药等，以对抗乳腺癌。通过增强渗透和保留效应，设计/制造的智能纳米材料正在被探索用于靶向乳腺癌；并与合适的配体结合，进行受体介导的内吞作用，以靶向乳腺癌进行诊断和治疗应用。这些受体靶向纳米药物已显示出靶向特定肿瘤组织/细胞的功效，使抗癌药物分子对健康组织/细胞的细胞毒性作用减弱。在过去几十年中，由于其同时输送化疗药物和诊断剂的独特能力，治疗诊断纳米药物在其他纳米颗粒系统中引起了广泛关注。治疗诊断纳米材料作为一种新的范例出现，具有同时输送成像（对比剂）、靶向（生物标志物）和抗癌治疗药物的能力，通过一个输送系统（癌症治疗诊断），并可能成为克服有效管理乳腺癌的各种障碍的有前途的策略，包括其最具侵袭性的形式，三阴性乳腺癌。
