FrieslandCampina Development Centre AMEA, Singapore.
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(1):31-75. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104211. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
Polar lipids including glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids are important nutrients and milk is a major source, particularly for infants. This systematic review describes the human and bovine milk polar lipid composition, structural organization, sources for formulation, and physiological functionality. A total of 2840 records were retrieved through Scopus, 378 were included. Bovine milk is a good source of polar lipids, where yield and composition are highly dependent on the choice of dairy streams and processing. In milk, polar lipids are organized in the milk fat globule membrane as a tri-layer encapsulating triglyceride. The overall polar lipid concentration in human milk is dependent on many factors including lactational stage and maternal diet. Here, reasonable ranges were determined where possible. Similar for bovine milk, where differences in milk lipid concentration proved the largest factor determining variation. The role of milk polar lipids in human health has been demonstrated in several areas and critical review indicated that brain, immune and effects on lipid metabolism are best substantiated areas. Moreover, insights related to the milk fat globule membrane structure-function relation as well as superior activity of milk derived polar lipid compared to plant-derived sources are emerging areas of interest regarding future research and food innovations.
极性脂质包括甘油磷脂和鞘磷脂，是重要的营养物质，而奶类是其主要来源，尤其是对于婴儿而言。本系统评价描述了人乳和牛乳中极性脂质的组成、结构组织、配方来源和生理功能。通过 Scopus 检索到 2840 条记录，其中有 378 条被纳入。牛乳是极性脂质的良好来源，其产量和组成高度依赖于乳制品流和加工方式的选择。在乳中，极性脂质以包裹三酰甘油的三层结构形式存在于乳脂肪球膜中。人乳中总的极性脂质浓度取决于许多因素，包括泌乳阶段和母体饮食。在本综述中，在可能的情况下确定了合理的范围。牛乳的情况也类似，其中乳脂质浓度的差异是决定变化的最大因素。牛乳极性脂质在人类健康中的作用已在多个领域得到证实，而批判性评价表明，大脑、免疫和对脂质代谢的影响是得到充分证实的领域。此外，与乳脂肪球膜结构-功能关系相关的以及牛乳衍生的极性脂质相对于植物衍生来源的更高活性，是关于未来研究和食品创新的新兴关注领域。
