作为对环境适应的智力的标准参照评估：这可行、合理还是实用？
Criterion-Referenced Assessment of Intelligence as Adaptation to the Environment: Is It Possible, Plausible, or Practical?
作者信息
Sternberg Robert J, Chowkase Aakash, Parra-Martinez Fabio Andres, Landy Jenna
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Educational Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
出版信息
J Intell. 2022 Aug 16;10(3):57. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence10030057.
Criterion-referenced testing is usually applied to the assessment of achievement. In this article, we suggest how it can also be applied to the assessment of adaptive intelligence, that is, intelligence as adaptation to the environment. In the era of the Anthropocene, we argue that adaptive intelligence is what is most important not only for individual success, but also for success in terms of preservation of the world as we know it. We define criterion-referenced testing and compare it to norm-referenced testing. We then discuss two kinds of scoring of criterion-referenced testing, namely, with respect to external criteria and with respect to internal (theory-based) criteria. We then discuss past research on intelligence that could be viewed as criterion-referenced. Finally, we suggest how criterion-referencing could be applied to the assessment of adaptive intelligence.
标准参照测试通常用于成就评估。在本文中，我们提出它也可用于评估适应性智力，即作为对环境适应能力的智力。在人类世时代，我们认为适应性智力不仅对个人成功至关重要，而且对于我们所知的世界的存续成功也至关重要。我们定义了标准参照测试，并将其与常模参照测试进行比较。然后我们讨论了标准参照测试的两种评分方式，即相对于外部标准和相对于内部（基于理论的）标准。接着我们讨论了过去可被视为标准参照的智力研究。最后，我们提出标准参照如何应用于适应性智力的评估。
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