Stanford University.
Psychol Rev. 2017 Nov;124(6):689-719. doi: 10.1037/rev0000082. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Drawing on both classic and current approaches, I propose a theory that integrates motivation, personality, and development within one framework, using a common set of principles and mechanisms. The theory begins by specifying basic needs and by suggesting how, as people pursue need-fulfilling goals, they build mental representations of their experiences (beliefs, representations of emotions, and representations of action tendencies). I then show how these needs, goals, and representations can serve as the basis of both motivation and personality, and can help to integrate disparate views of personality. The article builds on this framework to provide a new perspective on development, particularly on the forces that propel development and the roles of nature and nurture. I argue throughout that the focus on representations provides an important entry point for change and growth. (PsycINFO Database Record
借鉴经典和现代的方法，我提出了一个理论，该理论将动机、个性和发展整合在一个框架内，使用一套共同的原则和机制。该理论首先指定基本需求，并提出人们如何在追求满足需求的目标的过程中，构建他们的经验的心理表征（信念、情绪的表现和行动倾向的表现）。然后，我展示了这些需求、目标和表现如何可以作为动机和个性的基础，并帮助整合个性的不同观点。本文在此框架的基础上，对发展提供了一个新的视角，特别是对推动发展的力量以及先天和后天的作用。我在整篇文章中都认为，对表现的关注为改变和成长提供了一个重要的切入点。
