Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2022 Dec;31(12):1391-1411. doi: 10.17219/acem/152349.
Lung cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent progress in understanding the pathomechanisms of lung cancer, it is frequently associated with late diagnosis, high incidence of metastases and poor response to treatment. Thus, there is extensive research in the field of biomarkers that aims to optimize management of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to review the current perspectives of a wide spectrum of circulating molecules that seem promising as new potential biomarkers of lung cancer. Among these, biochemical (active proteins), immunological (immunocompetent cells, cytokines, chemokines, and antibodies) and genetic (circulating tumor DNA, cell-free DNA and microRNA) markers are presented and discussed. The use of these markers would support the early detection of lung cancer and might be used for predicting disease progression, response of the disease to targeted therapies, monitoring the course of treatment, and developing individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special attention was given to potential markers of nervous system involvement in the course of lung cancer, due to its prevalence and devastating impact. Limitations of the potential biomarkers are also outlined and future directions of investigations in this field highlighted, with the aim of improving the accuracy and practical utility of these biomarkers.
肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管近年来在了解肺癌的发病机制方面取得了进展，但肺癌常常伴有晚期诊断、高转移发生率和对治疗反应差等问题。因此，在生物标志物领域进行了广泛的研究，旨在优化肺癌的管理。本研究旨在综述当前广泛的循环分子的研究现状，这些分子似乎有希望成为新的潜在肺癌生物标志物。其中，生化标志物（活性蛋白）、免疫标志物（免疫细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子和抗体）和遗传标志物（循环肿瘤 DNA、游离 DNA 和 microRNA）进行了介绍和讨论。这些标志物的应用将有助于肺癌的早期检测，可用于预测疾病进展、疾病对靶向治疗的反应、监测治疗过程，并制定个体化的诊断和治疗策略。由于肺癌患者中神经系统受累的普遍性和破坏性影响，特别关注了与肺癌病程相关的潜在神经标志物。还概述了潜在生物标志物的局限性，并强调了该领域未来的研究方向，旨在提高这些标志物的准确性和实际应用价值。
