Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
National Intellectual Property Information Service Center of Universities, Library, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(4):1015-1042. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113031. Epub 2022 Aug 25.
Prolamins are a group of storage proteins (zeins, kafirins, hordeins, secalins, gliadins, glutenins, and avenins) found in the endosperm of cereal grains and characterized by high glutamine and proline content. With the high proportion of nonpolar amino acids (40-80%) and peculiar solubility (alcohol (60-90%), acetic acid, and alkaline solutions), prolamins exhibit tunable self-assembly behaviors. In recent years, research practices of utilizing prolamins as green building materials of functional delivery vehicles to improve the health benefits of bioactive compounds have surged due to their attractive advantages (e.g. sustainability, biocompatibility, fabrication potential, and cost-competitiveness). This article covers the recent advances in self-assembly behaviors leading to the fabrication of nanoparticles, fibers, and films in the bulk water phase, at the air-liquid interface, and under the electrostatic field. Different fabrication methods, including antisolvent precipitation, evaporation induced self-assembly, thermal treatment, pH-modulation, electrospinning, and solvent casting for assembling nanoarchitectures as functional delivery vehicles are highlighted. Emerging industrial applications by mapping patents, including encapsulation and delivery of bioactive compounds and probiotics, active packaging, Pickering emulsions, and as functional additives to develop safer, healthier, and sustainable food products are discussed. A future perspective concerning the fabrication of prolamins as advanced materials to promote their commercial food applications is proposed.
醇溶蛋白是一类存在于谷物胚乳中的贮藏蛋白（包括醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白、类麦醇溶蛋白、麦胶蛋白、谷蛋白和燕麦蛋白），其特点是富含谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸。由于具有较高的非极性氨基酸比例（40-80%）和独特的溶解性（醇类（60-90%）、乙酸和碱性溶液），醇溶蛋白表现出可调节的自组装行为。近年来，由于具有吸引力的优势（如可持续性、生物相容性、制造潜力和成本竞争力），利用醇溶蛋白作为功能性输送载体的绿色建筑材料来提高生物活性化合物的健康效益的研究实践激增。本文综述了在本体水相、气-液界面和电场下，导致纳米颗粒、纤维和薄膜形成的自组装行为的最新进展。不同的制造方法，包括抗溶剂沉淀、蒸发诱导自组装、热处理、pH 调节、静电纺丝和溶剂浇铸，用于组装纳米结构作为功能性输送载体，都得到了强调。通过映射专利，讨论了新兴的工业应用，包括生物活性化合物和益生菌的封装和输送、活性包装、Pickering 乳液以及作为功能性添加剂来开发更安全、更健康和更可持续的食品产品。提出了将醇溶蛋白作为先进材料制造以促进其商业食品应用的未来展望。
