与产前及生命早期暴露于空气污染相关的儿童健康结局：一项叙述性综述
Health Outcomes in Children Associated with Prenatal and Early-Life Exposures to Air Pollution: A Narrative Review.
作者信息
Gheissari Roya, Liao Jiawen, Garcia Erika, Pavlovic Nathan, Gilliland Frank D, Xiang Anny H, Chen Zhanghua
机构信息
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Sonoma Technology Inc., 1450 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite 200, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA.
出版信息
Toxics. 2022 Aug 8;10(8):458. doi: 10.3390/toxics10080458.
(1) Background: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors to health outcomes; however, the potential for developmental health effects of air pollution exposures during gestation or early-childhood have yet to be reviewed and synthesized from a DOHaD lens. The objective of this study is to summarize the literature on cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory, allergic, and neuropsychological health outcomes, from prenatal development through early childhood, associated with early-life exposures to outdoor air pollutants, including traffic-related and wildfire-generated air pollutants. (2) Methods: We conducted a search using PubMed and the references of articles previously known to the authors. We selected papers that investigated health outcomes during fetal or childhood development in association with early-life ambient or source-specific air pollution exposure. (3) Results: The current literature reports that prenatal and early-childhood exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in early life, including cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory and allergic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Very few studies have investigated associations between wildfire-related air pollution exposure and health outcomes during prenatal, postnatal, or childhood development. (4) Conclusion: Evidence from January 2000 to January 2022 supports a role for prenatal and early-childhood air pollution exposures adversely affecting health outcomes during development. Future studies are needed to identify both detrimental air pollutants from the exposure mixture and critical exposure time periods, investigate emerging exposure sources such as wildfire, and develop feasible interventional tools.
（1）背景：健康与疾病的发育起源（DOHaD）假说将胎儿期不良暴露与后期发育中的适应不良和发病联系起来。短期和长期暴露于空气污染物是已知的影响健康结果的因素；然而，从DOHaD的角度对孕期或幼儿期空气污染暴露对发育健康的潜在影响进行综述和综合分析的研究尚未开展。本研究的目的是总结从产前发育到幼儿期与早期生活中暴露于室外空气污染物（包括交通相关和野火产生的空气污染物）相关的心血管和代谢、呼吸、过敏及神经心理方面健康结果的文献。（2）方法：我们使用PubMed以及作者之前已知的文章参考文献进行了检索。我们选择了调查胎儿期或儿童期发育期间与早期生活环境或特定来源空气污染暴露相关的健康结果的论文。（3）结果：当前文献报道，产前和幼儿期暴露于环境及交通相关空气污染物与早期生活中的一系列不良结果相关，包括心血管和代谢、呼吸和过敏以及神经发育方面的结果。很少有研究调查产前、产后或儿童期发育期间与野火相关的空气污染暴露和健康结果之间的关联。（4）结论：2000年1月至2022年1月的证据支持产前和幼儿期空气污染暴露对发育期间的健康结果产生不利影响的观点。未来需要开展研究以确定暴露混合物中的有害空气污染物以及关键暴露时间段，调查野火等新出现的暴露源，并开发可行的干预工具。
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