Mutagenicity of selected aniline derivatives to Salmonella following plant activation and mammalian hepatic activation.

We compared several phenylenediamines (4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, NOP; 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, NPD; o-phenylenediamine, OPD; p-phenylenediamine, PPD; m-phenylenediamine, MPD) and aniline (ANL) for mutagenicity to Salmonella directly and following activation by plant and mammalian hepatic S9 using plate incorporation and preincubation protocols. In addition, we assayed each chemical for activation by intact plant cells using the plant cell/microbe coincubation protocol. At the concentrations tested, NOP, NPD, OPD, MPD and ANL were active in one or more assays. NPD, OPD and MPD were activated by mammalian hepatic S9 in one or more assay and each was activated by plant S9 or intact plant cells. ANL was mutagenic only in the presence of plant S9. PPD was not active under any of the test conditions.