Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Trends Microbiol. 2023 Jan;31(1):76-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.003. Epub 2022 Aug 22.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a health problem worldwide, and elevated cholesterol levels are a key risk factor for the disease. Dysbiotic gut microbiota has been shown to be associated with CVD development. However, the beneficial effects of healthy microbiota in decreasing cholesterol levels have not been summarized. Herein, we begin by discussing the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota reduces cholesterol levels. We further sketch the application of probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in reducing cholesterol levels in clinical studies. Finally, we present the cholesterol-lowering function of beneficial commensal microbes, such as Akkermansia and Bacteroides spp., as these microbes have potential to be the next-generation probiotics (NGPs). The information reviewed in this paper will help people to understand how the gut microbiome might alter cholesterol metabolism and enable the development of NGPs to prevent and treat CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一个全球性的健康问题，而胆固醇水平升高是该疾病的一个关键风险因素。肠道微生物群落失调已被证明与 CVD 的发展有关。然而，健康的微生物群落降低胆固醇水平的有益作用尚未得到总结。在此，我们首先讨论了肠道微生物群降低胆固醇水平的潜在机制。我们进一步简述了来自乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属的益生菌在临床研究中降低胆固醇水平的应用。最后，我们介绍了有益共生微生物（如 Akkermansia 和 Bacteroides spp.）的降胆固醇功能，因为这些微生物有可能成为下一代益生菌（NGP）。本文综述的信息将帮助人们了解肠道微生物组如何改变胆固醇代谢，并促进 NGPs 的开发，以预防和治疗 CVD。
