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埃及北部健康火鸡中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌的发生情况、表型及分子特征

Occurrence, Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing in Healthy Turkeys in Northern Egypt.

作者信息

Moawad Amira A, Hotzel Helmut, Hafez Hafez M, Ramadan Hazem, Tomaso Herbert, Braun Sascha D, Ehricht Ralf, Diezel Celia, Gary Dominik, Engelmann Ines, Zakaria Islam M, Reda Reem M, Eid Samah, Shahien Momtaz A, Neubauer Heinrich, Monecke Stefan

机构信息

Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.

Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt.

出版信息

Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Aug 8;11(8):1075. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11081075.

Abstract

Poultry is one of the most important reservoirs for zoonotic multidrug-resistant pathogens. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in poultry production is a leading factor for development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of isolated from healthy turkey flocks of different ages in Nile delta region, Egypt. In the current investigation, 250 cloacal swabs were collected from 12 turkey farms in five governorates in the northern Egypt. Collected samples were cultivated on Brilliance ESBL agar media supplemented with cefotaxime (100 mg/L). The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and confirmed by a conventional PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA-DNA. The phenotypic antibiogram against 14 antimicrobial agents was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. DNA-microarray-based assay was applied for genotyping and determination of both, virulence and resistance-associated gene markers. Multiplex real-time PCR was additionally applied for all isolates for detection of the actual most relevant Carbapenemase genes. The phenotypic identification of colistin resistance was carried out using E-test. A total of 26 isolates were recovered from the cloacal samples. All isolates were defined as multidrug-resistant. Interestingly, two different strains were isolated from one sample. Both strains had different phenotypic and genotypic profiles. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to imipenem, while resistant to penicillin, rifampicin, streptomycin, and erythromycin. None of the examined carbapenem resistance genes was detected among isolates. At least one beta-lactamase gene was identified in most of isolates, where TEM was the most commonly identified determinant (80.8%), in addition to CTX-M9 (23.1%), SHV (19.2%) and OXA-10 (15.4%). Genes associated with chloramphenicol resistance were R (65.4%) and A1 (46.2%). Tetracycline- and quinolone-resistance-associated genes A and S were detected in (57.7%) and (50.0%) of isolates, respectively. The aminoglycoside resistance associated genes A1 (65.4%), A2 (53.8%), A (50.0%), A (69.2%), and B (65.4%), were detected among isolates. Macrolide resistance associated genes and were also detected in (53.8%) and (34.6%). Moreover, colistin resistance associated gene -9 was identified in one isolate (3.8%). The class 1 integron integrase I1 (84.6%), transposase for the transposon ISEcp1 (34.6%) and OqxB -integral membrane and component of RND-type multidrug efflux pump B (7.7%) were identified among the isolates. The existing high incidence of ESBL/colistin-producing identified in healthy turkeys is a major concern that demands prompt control; otherwise, such strains and their resistance determinants could be transmitted to other bacteria and, eventually, to people via the food chain.

摘要

家禽是动物源性多重耐药病原体最重要的宿主之一。在家禽生产中不加区别地使用抗菌药物是抗菌药物耐药性产生和传播的主要因素。本研究旨在描述从埃及尼罗河三角洲地区不同年龄健康火鸡群中分离出的[具体病原体未明确,原文用“ ”指代]的流行情况和抗菌药物耐药性。在当前调查中,从埃及北部五个省份的12个火鸡养殖场采集了250份泄殖腔拭子。将采集的样本接种在添加头孢噻肟(100 mg/L)的Brilliance ESBL琼脂培养基上进行培养。使用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对分离出的[具体病原体未明确,原文用“ ”指代]进行鉴定,并通过靶向16S rRNA-DNA的常规PCR检测进行确认。采用肉汤微量稀释法测定对14种抗菌药物的表型抗菌谱。应用基于DNA微阵列的检测方法进行基因分型以及毒力和耐药相关基因标志物的测定。另外,对所有分离株应用多重实时PCR检测实际最相关的碳青霉烯酶基因。使用E-test进行黏菌素耐药性的表型鉴定。从泄殖腔样本中共分离出26株[具体病原体未明确,原文用“ ”指代]。所有分离株均被定义为多重耐药。有趣的是,从一个样本中分离出了两种不同的[具体病原体未明确,原文用“ ”指代]菌株。两种菌株具有不同的表型和基因型特征。所有分离株在表型上对亚胺培南敏感,但对青霉素、利福平、链霉素和红霉素耐药。在分离株中未检测到所检测的碳青霉烯耐药基因。在大多数分离株中鉴定出至少一种β-内酰胺酶基因,其中TEM是最常见的决定因素(80.8%),此外还有CTX-M9(23.1%)、SHV(19.2%)和OXA-10(15.4%)。与氯霉素耐药相关的基因是R(65.4%)和A1(46.2%)。分别在57.7%和50.0%的分离株中检测到与四环素和喹诺酮耐药相关的基因A和S。在分离株中检测到与氨基糖苷类耐药相关的基因A1(65.4%)、A2(53.8%)、A(50.0%)、A(69.2%)和B(65.4%)。在53.8%和34.6%的分离株中也检测到了与大环内酯类耐药相关的基因 和 。此外,在一株分离株(3.8%)中鉴定出了与黏菌素耐药相关的基因 -9。在分离株中鉴定出了1类整合子整合酶I1(84.6%)、转座子ISEcp1的转座酶(34.6%)以及RND型多重耐药外排泵B的OqxB -整合膜成分(7.7%)。在健康火鸡中发现的产ESBL/黏菌素的[具体病原体未明确,原文用“ ”指代]的高发病率是一个主要问题,需要立即加以控制;否则,此类菌株及其耐药决定因素可能会传播给其他细菌,并最终通过食物链传播给人类。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2acd/9404839/5d896c50c6b7/antibiotics-11-01075-g001.jpg

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