Krumova Sashka, Todinova Svetla, Taneva Stefka G
Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 11;14(16):3884. doi: 10.3390/cancers14163884.
This review summarizes data obtained thus far on the application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the analysis of blood sera from patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) with the secretion of the most common isotypes of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins), free light chains (FLC) and non-secretory MM, as well as Waldenström macroglobulinemia and the premalignant state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The heterogeneous nature of MM is reflected in the thermal stability profiles of the blood serum proteome of MM patients found to depend on both the level and the isotype of the secreted M-proteins or FLC. Common calorimetric markers feature the vast majority of the different myeloma types, i.e., stabilization of the major serum proteins and decrease in the albumin/globulin heat capacity ratio. A unique calorimetric fingerprint of FLC molecules forming amorphous aggregates is the low-temperature transition centered at 57 °C for a calorimetric set of FLC MM and at 46-47 °C for a single FLC MM case for which larger aggregates were formed. The calorimetric assay proved particularly advantageous for non-secretory MM and is thus a suitable tool for monitoring such patients during treatment courses. Thus, DSC provides a promising blood-based approach as a complementary tool for MM detection and monitoring.
本综述总结了迄今为止通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者血清所获得的数据。这些患者分泌最常见类型的单克隆蛋白（M蛋白）、游离轻链（FLC），包括非分泌型MM，以及华氏巨球蛋白血症和意义未明的单克隆丙种球蛋白病（一种癌前状态）。MM的异质性反映在MM患者血清蛋白质组的热稳定性特征上，发现这取决于所分泌的M蛋白或FLC的水平和类型。常见的量热标记物存在于绝大多数不同类型的骨髓瘤中，即主要血清蛋白的稳定性增加以及白蛋白/球蛋白热容比降低。形成无定形聚集体的FLC分子的独特量热指纹图谱是，对于一组FLC MM病例，低温转变集中在57℃，而对于形成较大聚集体的单个FLC MM病例，低温转变集中在46 - 47℃。量热分析对于非分泌型MM特别有利，因此是在治疗过程中监测此类患者的合适工具。因此，DSC作为一种基于血液的方法，有望成为MM检测和监测的补充工具。
