胃癌、结肠癌和直肠癌肿瘤微环境中的癌症干细胞。

Islas Jose Francisco, Quiroz-Reyes Adriana G, Delgado-Gonzalez Paulina, Franco-Villarreal Hector, Delgado-Gallegos Juan Luis, Garza-Treviño Elsa N, Gonzalez-Villarreal Carlos A

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.

Althian Clinical Research, Monterrey 64000, Mexico.

Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 16;14(16):3948. doi: 10.3390/cancers14163948.

Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are one of the world's deadliest cancers. Cancer stem cells and the tissue microenvironment are highly regulated by cell and molecular mechanisms. Cancer stem cells are essential for maintenance and progression and are associated with resistance to conventional treatments. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of the microenvironment during the primary establishment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in the stomach, colon, and rectum and its relationship with cancer stem cells. We also describe novel developments in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments for improving gastrointestinal cancer prognosis.

胃肠道腺癌是世界上最致命的癌症之一。癌症干细胞和组织微环境受到细胞和分子机制的高度调控。癌症干细胞对于维持和进展至关重要，并与对传统治疗的抗性相关。本文综述了目前关于微环境在胃、结肠和直肠胃肠道腺癌原发形成过程中的作用及其与癌症干细胞关系的知识。我们还描述了癌症治疗学的新进展，如靶向治疗，并讨论了不同治疗方法对改善胃肠道癌症预后的优缺点。