从废旧手机的 PCB 和钽电容器中提取有价金属的化学和微生物浸出。
Chemical and Microbial Leaching of Valuable Metals from PCBs and Tantalum Capacitors of Spent Mobile Phones.
机构信息
Department of Process Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of the Scotland, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 13;19(16):10006. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610006.
We compared chemical and microbial leaching for multi-metal extraction from printed circuit boards (PCBs) and tantalum capacitor scrap. A mixed consortium of acidophiles and heterotrophic fungal strains were used in the experiments and compared to chemical leaching using specific acids (sulfuric, citric and oxalic acids). Under optimum conditions, 100% extraction efficiency of Cu, and nearly 85% of Zn, Fe, Al and Ni were achieved from PCB and tantalum capacitor scrap samples using sulfuric acid. The mixed consortium of acidophiles successfully mobilized, Ni and Cu (99% and 96%, respectively) while Fe, Zn, Al and Mn reached an extraction yield of 89, 77, 70 and 43%, respectively, from the PCB samples. For the tantalum capacitor samples, acidophiles mobilized 92% Cu, 88% Ni, 78% Fe, 77% Al, 70% Zn and 57% Mn. Metal mobilization from PCBs and tantalum capacitor scrap by filtrate showed efficient solubilization of Cu, Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn at an efficiency of 52, 29, 75, 5, 61, 21 and 35% from PCB samples and 61, 25, 69, 23, 68, 15 and 45% from tantalum capacitor samples, respectively. Microbial leaching proved viable as a method to extract base metals but was less specific for tantalum and precious metals in electronic waste. The implications of these results for further processing of waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) are considered in potential hybrid treatment strategies.
我们比较了化学浸出和微生物浸出两种方法，以从印刷电路板（PCB）和钽电容器废料中提取多种金属。在实验中使用了混合的嗜酸微生物和异养真菌菌株，并与使用特定酸（硫酸、柠檬酸和草酸）的化学浸出进行了比较。在最佳条件下，使用硫酸从 PCB 和钽电容器废料样品中实现了 100%的 Cu 提取效率，以及近 85%的 Zn、Fe、Al 和 Ni 的提取效率。混合的嗜酸微生物成功地将 Ni 和 Cu（分别为 99%和 96%）以及 Fe、Zn、Al 和 Mn 的提取率分别提高到 89%、77%、70%和 43%，从 PCB 样品中提取。对于钽电容器样品，嗜酸微生物将 92%的 Cu、88%的 Ni、78%的 Fe、77%的 Al、70%的 Zn 和 57%的 Mn 从样品中提取出来。从 PCB 和钽电容器废料中浸出的滤液显示，Cu、Fe、Al、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 的有效溶解效率分别为 52%、29%、75%、5%、61%、21%和 35%，从 PCB 样品中提取；61%、25%、69%、23%、68%、15%和 45%，从钽电容器样品中提取。微生物浸出被证明是一种可行的提取基础金属的方法，但对电子废物中的钽和贵金属的选择性较低。这些结果对进一步处理电子和电气废物（WEEE）的潜在混合处理策略的影响进行了考虑。
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