Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 20;19(16):10372. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610372.
The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic problems reported by dairy small ruminant farmers in Greece and to study potential associations with socio-demographic characteristics of the farmers and management practices applied in the farms. A countrywide investigation was performed in 325 sheep and 119 goat farms in the 13 administrative regions of Greece. The selected farms were visited and interviews were conducted with respective farmers. The occurrence of zoonotic problems in the farmers was recorded. A total biosecurity score (0−6) was devised, based on biosecurity practices followed in farms. Sixty-seven farmers (15.10%, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 12.1−18.7%) reported experiencing a zoonotic problem. Most of the farmers (n = 57) (85.1%, 95% CI: 74.76−91.7%, of those with a zoonotic problem) (12.8%, 95% CI: 10.0−16.3%, of all) reported that the zoonotic problem had been brucellosis. Odds ratio for the occurrence of brucellosis in goat farmers was 1.879 (95% CI: 1.051−3.359) compared to the occurrence of the infection in sheep farmers (p = 0.033). For the outcome ‘occurrence of brucellosis’ in sheep farmers, the application of hand-milking, the availability of a separate lambing area and the presence of cats in the farm emerged as significant (p < 0.01); for the same outcome in goat farmers, only the availability of a separate kidding area emerged as significant (p = 0.001). The mean biosecurity score in farms in the continental area of the country was significantly higher than in the islands: 3.45 ± 0.05 versus 2.76 ± 0.28, respectively (p = 0.006), whilst there was also a significantly higher score in farms, where the farmer reported occurrence of brucellosis: 3.68 ± 0.15 versus 3.34 ± 0.06 in farms, where the farmer did not report such an incident (p = 0.042). In farms, where the above predictors prevail, farmers should be warned of an increased potential risk for human infection and biosecurity measures should be implemented and tightened.
本研究旨在调查希腊奶羊和奶山羊养殖户报告的人畜共患病问题的发生情况，并研究其与养殖户的社会人口学特征和农场管理实践之间的潜在关联。在希腊的 13 个行政区内，对 325 个绵羊养殖场和 119 个山羊养殖场进行了全国性调查。对选定的农场进行了访问，并对各自的养殖户进行了访谈。记录了养殖户中人畜共患病问题的发生情况。根据农场中采用的生物安全措施，制定了一个总生物安全评分（0-6 分）。67 名养殖户（15.10%，95%置信区间（CI）：12.1-18.7%）报告称曾经历过人畜共患病问题。大多数养殖户（n=57）（85.1%，95%CI：74.76-91.7%，有人畜共患病问题的养殖户）（12.8%，95%CI：10.0-16.3%，所有养殖户）报告称，人畜共患病问题是布鲁氏菌病。与绵羊养殖户发生布鲁氏菌病的几率相比，山羊养殖户发生布鲁氏菌病的几率为 1.879（95%CI：1.051-3.359）（p=0.033）。对于绵羊养殖户“布鲁氏菌病发生”这一结果，手挤奶、单独的产羔区和农场中存在的猫是显著的影响因素（p<0.01）；对于山羊养殖户“布鲁氏菌病发生”这一结果，只有单独的产羔区是显著的影响因素（p=0.001）。该国大陆地区农场的平均生物安全评分显著高于岛屿地区：分别为 3.45±0.05 和 2.76±0.28（p=0.006），而在养殖户报告发生布鲁氏菌病的农场中，评分也显著更高：分别为 3.68±0.15 和 3.34±0.06（p=0.042），而在未报告此类事件的农场中，评分则为 3.34±0.06。在存在上述预测因素的农场中，应警告养殖户存在人类感染的潜在风险增加，并应实施和加强生物安全措施。
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