Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
Plasma Bioscience Research Center (PBRC), Applied Plasma Medicine Cencer, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 18;23(16):9288. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169288.
Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.
现代人每天都要接触各种辐射，经常暴露在辐射下，可能会产生重要的生物学影响。其中，大脑是对电磁辐射（EMR）暴露最敏感的器官。尽管有许多相关研究，但不同参数的使用仍然存在许多未知之处，包括工作频率、功率密度（即能量剂量）和辐照时间，这些因素使得分析结果之间的可重复性和可比性受到限制。此外，EMR 与生物系统的相互作用及其确切机制仍未得到充分描述。在这篇综述中，我们分析和解释了最近研究微波辐射对大脑的影响的方法，特别是学习和记忆能力，以及文献中报道的暴露导致大脑功能障碍的机制，为针对微波辐射引起的大脑退行性变开发预防和治疗策略的这一重要而新颖的医学技术的未来研究提供了前瞻性观点。此外，本文还介绍了微波与生物系统的相互作用和可能的机制。使用天然产物和安全技术来减少对器官的伤害已成为日常生活的重要组成部分，我们还总结了一些有前途的治疗癌症及其放射防护作用的技术。这篇综述可以为研究人员提供一个平台，帮助他们了解微波辐射与生物系统的相互作用、目前的情况以及未来研究微波对大脑影响的前景。
