Hejna Małgorzata, Świechowski Kacper, Rasaq Waheed A, Białowiec Andrzej
Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Aug 13;15(16):5564. doi: 10.3390/ma15165564.
Economic development and population growth lead to the increased production of chicken manure, which is a problematic organic waste in terms of its amount, environmental threats, and moisture content. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization, an emerging way of waste disposal, was performed on chicken manure to produce an energy-rich material called hydrochar. The effects of hydrothermal carbonization temperature (180, 240, 300 °C) and process time (30, 90, 180 min) were summarized. Proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as low and high heating values were applied both on raw material and derived hydrochars. Additionally, the performance of the process was examined. The obtained results show that hydrothermal carbonization is a feasible method for chicken manure disposal and valorization. Although the process time did not influence the fuel properties of chicken manure considerably, a higher temperature led to a significantly higher heating value, reaching 23,880.67 ± 34.56 J × g at 300 °C and 180 min with an improvement of ~8329 J × g compared with raw chicken manure (15,551.67 J × g). Considering the energy gain value, the hydrochar derived at 240 °C in 30 min had the best result. Moreover, the energy consumption for this process was relatively low (124.34 ± 8.29 kJ × g). With its still feasible fuel properties and high heating value of 20,267.00 ± 617.83 kJ × g, it was concluded that these parameters of chicken manure hydrochar are the most beneficial and present a potential alternative for conventional fuel.
经济发展和人口增长导致鸡粪产量增加，鸡粪在数量、环境威胁和含水量方面都是有问题的有机废物。在本研究中，对鸡粪进行了水热碳化处理，这是一种新兴的废物处理方式，以生产一种名为水炭的富含能量的材料。总结了水热碳化温度（180、240、300℃）和处理时间（30、90、180分钟）的影响。对原料和衍生的水炭进行了工业分析和元素分析，以及低热值和高热值测定。此外，还考察了该过程的性能。所得结果表明，水热碳化是一种可行的鸡粪处理和增值方法。虽然处理时间对鸡粪的燃料特性影响不大，但较高的温度导致显著更高的热值，在300℃和180分钟时达到23,880.67±34.56 J×g，与生鸡粪（15,551.67 J×g）相比提高了约8329 J×g。考虑到能量增益值，在240℃下30分钟衍生的水炭效果最佳。此外，该过程的能量消耗相对较低（124.34±8.29 kJ×g）。由于其仍具有可行的燃料特性和20,267.00±617.83 kJ×g的高热值，得出结论，鸡粪水炭的这些参数最为有利，是传统燃料的潜在替代品。
