Ouwerkerk Janneke P, Tytgat Hanne L P, Elzinga Janneke, Koehorst Jasper, Van den Abbeele Pieter, Henrissat Bernard, Gueimonde Miguel, Cani Patrice D, Van de Wiele Tom, Belzer Clara, de Vos Willem M
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 9;10(8):1605. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081605.
Akkermansia muciniphila is a champion of mucin degradation in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we report the isolation of six novel strains from healthy human donors and their genomic, proteomic and physiological characterization in comparison to the type-strains A. muciniphila MucT and A. glycaniphila PytT. Complete genome sequencing revealed that, despite their large genomic similarity (>97.6%), the novel isolates clustered into two distinct subspecies of A. muciniphila: Amuc1, which includes the type-strain MucT, and AmucU, a cluster of unassigned strains that have not yet been well characterized. CRISPR analysis showed all strains to be unique and confirmed that single healthy subjects can carry more than one A. muciniphila strain. Mucin degradation pathways were strongly conserved amongst all isolates, illustrating the exemplary niche adaptation of A. muciniphila to the mucin interface. This was confirmed by analysis of the predicted glycoside hydrolase profiles and supported by comparing the proteomes of A. muciniphila strain H2, belonging to the AmucU cluster, to MucT and A. glycaniphila PytT (including 610 and 727 proteins, respectively). While some intrinsic resistance was observed among the A. muciniphila straind, none of these seem to pose strain-specific risks in terms of their antibiotic resistance patterns nor a significant risk for the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants, opening the way to apply the type-strain MucT or these new A. muciniphila strains as next generation beneficial microbes.
嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌是人类胃肠道中黏蛋白降解的佼佼者。在此，我们报告了从健康人类供体中分离出的6株新菌株，并将它们与嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌MucT型菌株和嗜糖阿克曼氏菌PytT型菌株进行了基因组、蛋白质组和生理学特征比较。全基因组测序显示，尽管这些新分离菌株具有高度的基因组相似性（>97.6%），但它们聚为嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌的两个不同亚种：Amuc1，包括MucT型菌株；以及AmucU，一组尚未得到充分表征的未分类菌株。CRISPR分析表明所有菌株都是独特的，并证实单个健康受试者可携带不止一种嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌菌株。所有分离菌株的黏蛋白降解途径都高度保守，这说明了嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌对黏蛋白界面具有典型的生态位适应性。这通过对预测的糖苷水解酶谱的分析得到证实，并通过比较属于AmucU簇的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌H2菌株与MucT菌株和嗜糖阿克曼氏菌PytT菌株的蛋白质组得到支持（分别包括610和727种蛋白质）。虽然在嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌菌株中观察到了一些内在抗性，但就其抗生素抗性模式而言，这些抗性似乎都不会带来菌株特异性风险，也不会对抗生素抗性决定因素的水平转移构成重大风险，这为将MucT型菌株或这些新的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌菌株作为下一代有益微生物应用开辟了道路。
