Cui Xiaojing, Yu Cecilia, Wang Zhaosu, Wan Dong, Zhang Hulin
College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;13(8):1219. doi: 10.3390/mi13081219.
The water covering the Earth's surface not only supports life but also contains a tremendous amount of energy. Water energy is the most important and widely used renewable energy source in the environment, and the ability to extract the mechanical energy of water is of particular interest since moving water is ubiquitous and abundant, from flowing rivers to falling rain drops. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been promising for applications in harvesting kinetic energy from water due to their merits of low cost, light weight, simple structure, and abundant choice of materials. Furthermore, TENGs can also be utilized as self-powered active sensors for monitoring water environments, which relies on the output signals of the TENGs caused by the movement and composition of water. Here, TENGs targeting the harvest of different water energy sources have been systematically summarized and analyzed. The TENGs for harvesting different forms of water energy are introduced and divided on the basis of their basic working principles and modes, i.e., in the cases of solid-solid and solid-liquid. A detailed review of recent important progress in TENG-based water energy harvesting is presented. At last, based on recent progresses, the existing challenges and future prospects for TENG-based water energy harvesting are also discussed.
覆盖地球表面的水不仅维持着生命，还蕴含着巨大的能量。水能是环境中最重要且应用最广泛的可再生能源，提取水的机械能的能力尤其令人关注，因为流动的水无处不在且储量丰富，从奔腾的河流到飘落的雨滴皆是如此。近年来，摩擦纳米发电机（TENGs）因其成本低、重量轻、结构简单以及材料选择丰富等优点，在从水中获取动能的应用方面颇具前景。此外，TENGs还可作为自供电有源传感器用于监测水环境，这依赖于水的运动和成分引起的TENGs输出信号。在此，针对不同水能来源收集的TENGs已得到系统总结和分析。介绍了用于收集不同形式水能的TENGs，并根据其基本工作原理和模式进行划分，即固 - 固和固 - 液情况。对基于TENG的水能收集近期的重要进展进行了详细综述。最后，基于近期进展，还讨论了基于TENG的水能收集面临的现有挑战和未来前景。
