Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
Adv Mater. 2016 Jun;28(22):4283-305. doi: 10.1002/adma.201504299. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
Flexible nanogenerators that efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy have been extensively studied because of their great potential for driving low-power personal electronics and self-powered sensors. Integration of flexibility and stretchability to nanogenerator has important research significance that enables applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, organic optoelectronics, and wearable electronics. Progress in nanogenerators for mechanical energy harvesting is reviewed, mainly including two key technologies: flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). By means of material classification, various approaches of PENGs based on ZnO nanowires, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), 2D materials, and composite materials are introduced. For flexible TENG, its structural designs and factors determining its output performance are discussed, as well as its integration, fabrication and applications. The latest representative achievements regarding the hybrid nanogenerator are also summarized. Finally, some perspectives and challenges in this field are discussed.
柔性纳米发电机能够高效地将机械能转化为电能，因此在驱动低功耗个人电子产品和自供电传感器方面具有巨大的应用潜力，受到了广泛的研究。将柔韧性和拉伸性与纳米发电机集成具有重要的研究意义，可应用于柔性/可拉伸电子产品、有机光电子学和可穿戴电子学。本文主要综述了用于机械能收集的纳米发电机的研究进展，包括两种关键技术：柔性压电纳米发电机（PENG）和柔性摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）。通过材料分类，介绍了基于氧化锌纳米线、锆钛酸铅（PZT）、聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）、二维材料和复合材料的各种 PENG 方法。对于柔性 TENG，讨论了其结构设计和决定其输出性能的因素，以及其集成、制造和应用。还总结了混合纳米发电机的最新代表性成果。最后，讨论了该领域的一些观点和挑战。
