Dai Kejie, Wang Yan, Li Baozeng, Li Pengfei, Wang Xueqing, Gao Lingxiao
College of Electric and Mechanical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
Molecules. 2024 Dec 3;29(23):5716. doi: 10.3390/molecules29235716.
In recent years, the advent of the smart era has confronted a novel "energy crisis"-the challenge of distributed energy provision, necessitating an imperative for clean energy development. Encompassing 71% of the Earth's surface, water stands as the predominant conduit for energy transfer on our planet, effectively harnessing a fraction thereof to fulfill global energy demands. Modern hydropower technology primarily harnesses concentrated low-entropy water energy. However, the majority of natural water energy is widely dispersed in the environment as high-entropy distributed water energy, encompassing raindrop energy, stream energy, wave energy, evaporation energy, and other small-scale forms of water energy. While these energies are readily available, their collection poses significant challenges. Consequently, researchers initiated investigations into high-entropy water energy harvesting technology based on the electrodynamic effect, triboelectric effect, water volt effect, and other related phenomena. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of high-entropy water energy harvesting technologies, encompassing their underlying mechanisms, optimization strategies, and diverse applications. The current bottlenecks of these technologies are comprehensively analyzed, and their future development direction is prospectively discussed, thereby providing valuable guidance for future research on high-entropy water energy collection technology.
近年来，智能时代的到来面临着一种新型“能源危机”——分布式能源供应的挑战，这使得清洁能源发展成为当务之急。水覆盖了地球表面的71%，是地球上能量传输的主要媒介，有效地利用其中一部分能量就能满足全球能源需求。现代水电技术主要利用集中的低熵水能。然而，大部分天然水能以高熵分布式水能的形式广泛分散在环境中，包括雨滴能、溪流能、波浪能、蒸发能以及其他小规模的水能形式。虽然这些能量很容易获取，但收集它们却面临重大挑战。因此，研究人员基于电动效应、摩擦电效应、水伏效应及其他相关现象，开始对高熵水能收集技术展开研究。本文对高熵水能收集技术进行了全面综述，包括其潜在机制、优化策略和多样应用。全面分析了这些技术当前的瓶颈，并前瞻性地探讨了其未来发展方向，从而为高熵水能收集技术的未来研究提供有价值的指导。
