Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos n°135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 11;14(16):3296. doi: 10.3390/nu14163296.
Most university students do not follow recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, with a consequent increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to compare obesity prevalence and biomarkers of metabolic status between Italian and Spanish university students, in relation with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Food consumption, adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), level of physical activity (PA), blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and ketones, blood pressure, and body composition were evaluated. Among CVD risk factors, only glucose was significantly higher in Spaniards (SP), and only 3.1% of SP presented ketosis. SP had a higher percentage of energy from fat. Although adherence to MD and fruit and vegetable consumption did not differ between Italians and SP, students who consumed at least four servings of fruit and vegetables (FV group) showed better values for pressure and metabolic parameters than the no FV group. We observed an association between consumption of fruit and PA. Students who consumed more vegetables than fruit reported a better body composition profile and lower glucose concentrations. As previously suggested, in addition to PA, two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables per day should be recommended.
大多数大学生都没有遵循水果和蔬菜摄入量的建议，导致心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素的患病率增加。本研究的目的是比较意大利和西班牙大学生的肥胖患病率和代谢状态生物标志物，同时考虑水果和蔬菜的摄入量。评估了食物消费、对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性、身体活动（PA）水平、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和酮体、血压和身体成分。在 CVD 风险因素中，只有西班牙人（SP）的血糖显著升高，只有 3.1%的 SP 出现酮症。SP 从脂肪中获取的能量百分比更高。尽管意大利人和 SP 之间 MD 的依从性和水果及蔬菜的摄入量没有差异，但每天至少食用四份水果和蔬菜的学生（FV 组）在血压和代谢参数方面的表现优于不食用 FV 组。我们观察到水果摄入与 PA 之间存在关联。蔬菜摄入量超过水果的学生报告说，他们的身体成分状况更好，血糖浓度更低。正如之前所建议的，除了 PA，每天还应推荐两份水果和三份蔬菜。
