This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK adherent epithelial cells was assessed. The major compounds identified in CZ-EO were khusimol (30.0 ± 0.3%), β-eudesmol (10.8 ± 0.3%), α-muurolene (6.0 ± 0.1%), and patchouli alcohol (5.6 ± 0.2%). CZ-EO displayed optimal antibacterial activity against , , , and , with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 22 and 62.5 µg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 22 and 400 µg/mL. CZ-EO was highly active against the promastigote and amastigote forms (IC = 7.20 and 16.21 µg/mL, respectively) and the trypomastigote form (IC = 11.2 µg/mL). Moreover, CZ-EO showed moderate cytotoxicity to LLCMK cells, with CC = 565.4 µg/mL. These results revealed an interesting in vitro selectivity of CZ-EO toward the promastigote and amastigote forms (Selectivity Index, SI = 78.5 and 34.8, respectively) and the trypomastigote form (SI = 50.5) compared to LLCMK cells. These results showed the promising potential of CZ-EO for developing new antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal drugs.