The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 22;22(16):6317. doi: 10.3390/s22166317.
The primary aim of this study was to examine the validity of six commonly used wearable devices, i.e., Apple Watch S6, Garmin Forerunner 245 Music, Polar Vantage V, Oura Ring Generation 2, WHOOP 3.0 and Somfit, for assessing sleep. The secondary aim was to examine the validity of the six devices for assessing heart rate and heart rate variability during, or just prior to, night-time sleep. Fifty-three adults (26 F, 27 M, aged 25.4 ± 5.9 years) spent a single night in a sleep laboratory with 9 h in bed (23:00-08:00 h). Participants were fitted with all six wearable devices-and with polysomnography and electrocardiography for gold-standard assessment of sleep and heart rate, respectively. Compared with polysomnography, agreement (and Cohen's kappa) for two-state categorisation of sleep periods (as sleep or wake) was 88% (κ = 0.30) for Apple Watch; 89% (κ = 0.35) for Garmin; 87% (κ = 0.44) for Polar; 89% (κ = 0.51) for Oura; 86% (κ = 0.44) for WHOOP and 87% (κ = 0.48) for Somfit. Compared with polysomnography, agreement (and Cohen's kappa) for multi-state categorisation of sleep periods (as a specific sleep stage or wake) was 53% (κ = 0.20) for Apple Watch; 50% (κ = 0.25) for Garmin; 51% (κ = 0.28) for Polar; 61% (κ = 0.43) for Oura; 60% (κ = 0.44) for WHOOP and 65% (κ = 0.52) for Somfit. Analyses regarding the two-state categorisation of sleep indicate that all six devices are valid for the field-based assessment of the timing and duration of sleep. However, analyses regarding the multi-state categorisation of sleep indicate that all six devices require improvement for the assessment of specific sleep stages. As the use of wearable devices that are valid for the assessment of sleep increases in the general community, so too does the potential to answer research questions that were previously impractical or impossible to address-in some way, we could consider that the whole world is becoming a sleep laboratory.
这项研究的主要目的是检验六种常用可穿戴设备（即 Apple Watch S6、Garmin Forerunner 245 Music、Polar Vantage V、Oura Ring Generation 2、WHOOP 3.0 和 Somfit）评估睡眠的有效性。次要目的是检验这六种设备在夜间睡眠期间或之前评估心率和心率变异性的有效性。53 名成年人（26 名女性，27 名男性，年龄 25.4±5.9 岁）在睡眠实验室中度过了一个晚上，在床上 9 小时（23:00-08:00 小时）。参与者佩戴了所有六种可穿戴设备，并佩戴了多导睡眠图和心电图，分别用于睡眠和心率的金标准评估。与多导睡眠图相比，两种状态分类（睡眠或清醒）的睡眠期的一致性（和 Cohen's kappa）为 Apple Watch 88%（κ=0.30）；Garmin 89%（κ=0.35）；Polar 87%（κ=0.44）；Oura 89%（κ=0.51）；WHOOP 86%（κ=0.44）；Somfit 87%（κ=0.48）。与多导睡眠图相比，睡眠期的多状态分类（特定睡眠阶段或清醒）的一致性（和 Cohen's kappa）为 Apple Watch 53%（κ=0.20）；Garmin 50%（κ=0.25）；Polar 51%（κ=0.28）；Oura 61%（κ=0.43）；WHOOP 60%（κ=0.44）；Somfit 65%（κ=0.52）。关于睡眠的两种状态分类的分析表明，所有六种设备都可用于基于现场的睡眠时间和持续时间的评估。然而，关于睡眠的多状态分类的分析表明，所有六种设备都需要改进，以评估特定的睡眠阶段。随着可穿戴设备在普通人群中用于评估睡眠的普及程度的提高，以前无法解决或不可能解决的研究问题的回答的潜力也在增加——在某种程度上，我们可以认为整个世界正在成为一个睡眠实验室。
