Hofmann Erin Trouth, Chi Guangqing
Utah State University.
Pennsylvania State University.
J Ethn Migr Stud. 2022;48(11):2493-2514. doi: 10.1080/1369183x.2021.1931062. Epub 2021 May 23.
Because the decision to migrate is a product of gendered negotiations within households, households formed through forced marriage may have different migration strategies than households formed through voluntary marriage. In Kyrgyzstan, we anticipate two possible effects of the traditional practice of bride kidnapping on migration. Households headed by a kidnap couple may be more cohesive and patriarchal, facilitating men's labor migration and remittance-sending. Alternately, women may use migration to escape such households. We test these two hypotheses using a sample of 1,171 households in rural Kyrgyzstan. Kidnap households are more likely to include women migrants, compared to other households. Kidnap households are also more likely to be receiving remittances, even when controlling for migrant household members. However, traditional beliefs about kidnapping are negatively associated with men's and women's migration. While higher levels of remittance receipt among kidnap households resembles the unified, patriarchal households envisioned in the New Economics of Labor Migration, it also appears that women use labor migration as a means to escape patriarchal constraints. We demonstrate that forced marriage in Kyrgyzstan plays a larger social role than is often believed, and highlight a new pathway through which gendered power dynamics can shape household migration strategies.
由于迁移的决定是家庭内部性别化协商的产物，通过强迫婚姻组建的家庭可能与通过自愿婚姻组建的家庭有着不同的迁移策略。在吉尔吉斯斯坦，我们预计传统的抢婚习俗对迁移会产生两种可能的影响。由抢婚夫妻主导的家庭可能更具凝聚力且更加父权化，这有利于男性外出打工及汇款。或者，女性可能会通过迁移来逃离这样的家庭。我们利用吉尔吉斯斯坦农村地区的1171户家庭样本对这两种假设进行了检验。与其他家庭相比，抢婚家庭更有可能出现女性移民。即使在控制了有移民家庭成员的情况下，抢婚家庭也更有可能收到汇款。然而，关于抢婚的传统观念与男性和女性的迁移呈负相关。虽然抢婚家庭中较高的汇款收入类似于劳动力迁移新经济学中设想的统一、父权化家庭，但似乎女性也将劳动力迁移作为摆脱父权制约束的一种手段。我们证明，吉尔吉斯斯坦的强迫婚姻所起的社会作用比通常认为的更大，并强调了一种新的途径，通过这种途径，性别权力动态可以塑造家庭迁移策略。
