Borenstein-Laurie James, Barlow Meaghan A, Scheier Michael F, Wrosch Carsten
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers. 2023 Jun;91(3):700-717. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12768. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
Recent meta-analytic research suggests that the absence of pessimism could be a stronger predictor of physical health than the presence of optimism. The present study examined the role of subjective well-being in the effects of optimism and pessimism on physical health in romantic couples. It was hypothesized that pessimism would be more strongly associated with both well-being and health than optimism, intra- and interpersonally. Subjective well-being was also expected to explain variance in the associations between optimism, pessimism, and health.
A baseline sample of 153 opposite-sex couples completed various measures of subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressive symptoms) and physical health (e.g., subjective health, sleep efficiency, physical symptoms, cold symptoms, and chronic illness).
Results of actor-partner interdependence models showed that the absence of pessimism, but not the presence of optimism, was associated with better physical health at baseline and over time. Pessimism was also a stronger predictor than optimism of baseline levels in some indicators of subjective well-being. These effects were obtained intra- and interpersonally. Finally, subjective well-being explained variance in some of the effects of pessimism on levels of physical health. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
近期的荟萃分析研究表明，缺乏悲观情绪可能比拥有乐观情绪更能有力地预测身体健康状况。本研究考察了主观幸福感在浪漫伴侣关系中乐观和悲观情绪对身体健康影响方面所起的作用。研究假设，无论是在个体内部还是人际层面，悲观情绪与幸福感和健康的关联都要比乐观情绪更为紧密。主观幸福感预计还能解释乐观、悲观与健康之间关联的差异。
153对异性伴侣的基线样本完成了各种主观幸福感测量（如生活满意度、积极和消极情绪以及抑郁症状）和身体健康测量（如主观健康、睡眠效率、身体症状、感冒症状和慢性病）。
行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型的结果显示，缺乏悲观情绪而非拥有乐观情绪，与基线时以及随时间推移的更好身体健康状况相关。在一些主观幸福感指标的基线水平方面，悲观情绪也是比乐观情绪更强的预测因素。这些效应在个体内部和人际层面均有体现。最后，主观幸福感解释了悲观情绪对身体健康水平某些影响方面的差异。讨论了对理论、研究和实践的启示。
