Rofé Y, Lewin I, Hoffman M
Psychol Med. 1987 May;17(2):419-24. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700024971.
Affiliation preferences of 150 cancer out-patients were assessed in the waiting-room and day-to-day life. Results indicated the vast majority avoided fellow patients, preferring to be alone or with healthy people. Similarly, patients tended to avoid the topic of illness in their social contacts. Moreover, those desiring to be with the healthy displayed the highest levels of negative emotion. Finally, avoidance of fellow patients was higher among males, the elderly, and the more highly educated. Overall, the findings were inconsistent with the thesis that those under stress seek out others in similar straits, as suggested by Schachter's emotional comparison theory or Will's downward comparison theory. Rather, they support Rofé's utility theory of stress and affiliation.
在候诊室和日常生活中对150名癌症门诊患者的社交偏好进行了评估。结果表明，绝大多数患者避开其他患者，更喜欢独处或与健康的人在一起。同样，患者在社交中倾向于回避疾病话题。此外，那些希望与健康人在一起的患者表现出最高水平的负面情绪。最后，男性、老年人和受教育程度较高者避开其他患者的比例更高。总体而言，这些发现与沙赫特的情绪比较理论或威尔的向下比较理论所提出的处于压力下的人会寻找处于类似困境中的其他人这一论点不一致。相反，它们支持罗费的压力与社交效用理论。
