U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, 3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 10;851(Pt 1):158205. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158205. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
Aquatic ecosystems convey complex contaminant mixtures from anthropogenic pollution on a global scale. Point (e.g., municipal wastewater) and nonpoint sources (e.g., stormwater runoff) are both drivers of contaminant mixtures in aquatic habitats. The objectives of this study were to identify the contaminant mixtures present in surface waters impacted by both point and nonpoint sources, to determine if aquatic biota (amphibian and fish) health effects (testicular oocytes and parasites) occurred at these sites, and to understand if differences in biological and chemical measures existed between point (on-stream) and nonpoint sources (off-stream). To accomplish this, water chemistry, fishes, and frogs were collected from 21 sites in the New Jersey Pinelands, United States. Off-stream sites consisted of 3 reference and 10 degraded wetlands. On-stream sites consisted of two reference lakes and six degraded streams/lakes (four sites above and two sites below wastewater outfalls). Surface water was collected four times at each site and analyzed for 133 organic and inorganic contaminants. One native and five non-native fish species were collected from streams/lakes and native green frogs from wetlands (ponds and stormwater basins). Limited differences in contaminant concentrations were observed in reference and degraded wetlands but for streams/lakes, results indicated that landscape alteration, (upland agricultural and developed land) was the primary driver of contaminant concentrations rather than municipal wastewater. Incidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption (intersex) was species dependent with the highest prevalence observed in largemouth bass and black crappie and the lowest prevalence observed in green frogs and tessellated darters. Parasite prevalence was site and species dependent. Prevalence of eye parasites increased with increasing concentrations of industrial, mycotoxin, and cumulative inorganic contaminants. These findings are critical to support the conservation, protection, and management of a wide range of aquatic species in the Pinelands and elsewhere as habitat loss, alteration, and fragmentation increase with increasing development.
水生生态系统在全球范围内传递着来自人为污染的复杂污染物混合物。点源（如城市污水）和非点源（如雨水径流）都是水生栖息地污染物混合物的驱动因素。本研究的目的是确定受点源和非点源共同影响的地表水存在的污染物混合物，确定这些地点是否存在水生生物（两栖动物和鱼类）健康影响（睾丸卵母细胞和寄生虫），并了解点源（溪流中）和非点源（溪流外）之间的生物和化学措施是否存在差异。为了实现这一目标，从美国新泽西州皮埃恩兰兹的 21 个地点采集了水化学、鱼类和青蛙样本。非点源地点包括 3 个参考湿地和 10 个退化湿地。点源地点包括两个参考湖泊和六个退化的溪流/湖泊（四个位于污水排放口上方，两个位于污水排放口下方）。在每个地点采集了四次地表水，并分析了 133 种有机和无机污染物。从溪流/湖泊中采集了一种本地和五种非本地鱼类，从湿地（池塘和雨水盆地）中采集了本地绿蛙。参考湿地和退化湿地的污染物浓度差异有限，但对于溪流/湖泊，结果表明景观改变（旱地农业和开发土地）是污染物浓度的主要驱动因素，而不是城市污水。雌激素内分泌干扰（雌雄同体）的发生率与物种有关，在大嘴鲈和黑鲈中观察到最高的流行率，在绿蛙和棋盘状的达氏鳉中观察到最低的流行率。寄生虫的流行率与地点和物种有关。眼部寄生虫的流行率随着工业、真菌毒素和累积无机污染物浓度的增加而增加。这些发现对于支持皮埃恩兰兹和其他地区广泛的水生物种的保护、保护和管理至关重要，因为栖息地的丧失、改变和破碎化随着开发的增加而增加。
