Schmalwieser Alois W, Lohr Matthew A, Daly Susan M, Williams Joshua D
Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2023 Jan;22(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s43630-022-00293-1. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Vacationers in a high-solar-intensity beach setting put themselves at risk of ultraviolet radiation (UV) over-exposure that can lead to acute and chronic health consequences including erythema, photoaging, and skin cancer. There is a current gap in existing dosimetry work on capturing detailed time-resolved anatomical distributions of UV exposure in the beach vacation setting. In this study, a radiative transfer model of the solar conditions of Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA (27.8°N, 82.8°W) is combined with an in silico three-dimensional body model and data on typical beach vacation behaviors to calculate acute and cumulative body-site-specific UV exposure risk during a beach vacation. The resulting cumulative UV exposure calculated for a typical mix of clothing choices, settings, and activities during a week-long (7-day) beach vacation is 172.2 standard erythemal doses (SED) at the forearm, which is comparable with the average total annual UV exposure of European and North American residents and consistent with existing dosimetry studies. This model further estimates that vacationers choosing to spend a full day exclusively in the beach or pool setting can experience UV exposure in excess of 50 SED a day at multiple body sites. Such exposure indicates that significant sun protective measures would be required to prevent sunburn across all skin types in this setting. This work clarifies the significant role that beach vacations play in UV exposure and corresponding acute and cumulative health risks and highlights the importance of behavioral choices (including clothing, activity and photoprotection) as crucial factors in differentiating personal solar exposure risks.
在阳光强度高的海滩度假的人，会使自己面临紫外线（UV）过度暴露的风险，这可能导致急性和慢性健康问题，包括红斑、光老化和皮肤癌。目前在现有剂量测定工作方面存在差距，即在海滩度假环境中捕捉紫外线暴露的详细时间分辨解剖分布情况。在本研究中，将美国佛罗里达州圣彼得斯堡坦帕湾（北纬27.8°，西经82.8°）的太阳条件辐射传输模型与计算机模拟三维人体模型以及典型海滩度假行为数据相结合，以计算海滩度假期间特定身体部位的急性和累积紫外线暴露风险。对于为期一周（7天）的海滩度假期间典型的服装选择、环境和活动组合，计算得出的前臂累积紫外线暴露量为172.2标准红斑剂量（SED），这与欧洲和北美居民的年平均总紫外线暴露量相当，并且与现有剂量测定研究结果一致。该模型进一步估计，选择一整天都只待在海滩或泳池环境中的度假者，在多个身体部位每天可能会经历超过50 SED的紫外线暴露。这种暴露表明，在这种环境下，需要采取重大的防晒措施来防止所有皮肤类型晒伤。这项工作阐明了海滩度假在紫外线暴露以及相应的急性和累积健康风险中所起的重要作用，并强调了行为选择（包括着装、活动和光防护）作为区分个人阳光暴露风险的关键因素的重要性。
