Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022 Aug 26;22(1):385. doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02819-y.
The present study's aim is to quantify the burden of lipid abnormalities (excessive non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) among Indian adolescents. Which has emerged as a significant covariate of coronary heart disease (CHD).
The present study aims to unearth the prevalence of any lipid anomalies, their level, and types of lipid profiles among adolescents in India using the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18 i.e., cross-sectional data. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses have been used to check the associations and significant differences between groups of individuals suffering from any type of lipid abnormalities.
A total of 35,830 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years (mean age:14.36 yrs.; SD = 2.81 for males and 14.39 yrs.; SD = 2.78 for females) were included. Roughly 77 percent of the adolescents are suffering from any lipid anomalies. Their mean lipid levels are 140.6 (SD = 32.9), 84.1 (SD = 24.8), 47.3 (SD = 10.7), and 95.3 (SD = 50.0) for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, respectively. A higher proportion of adolescents suffered from lipid anomalies among those who were overweight or obese (89%, 95% CI 85, 92) and pre-diabetics (81%, 95% CI 78, 83) compared to each of their counterparts. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of samples with vitamin A (70%, 95% CI 68, 73), D (81%, 95% CI 79, 82), and B12 deficits (73%,95% CI 72, 75), as well as zinc (77%, 95% CI 76, 77), folate (76%, 95% CI 74, 77), and iron deficits (75%,95% CI 73, 77), were suffering from any lipid anomalies. Of individuals who consume an unhealthy diet, 77% (95% CI 76, 78) of them were suffering from any lipid anomalies than others.
The study contends that preventing the increasing burden of lipid abnormalities among Indian adolescents is essential. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies and unhealthy dietary habits are significantly associated with high LDL and non-HDL levels. In the longer run, this might cause the early onset of hypertension, diabetes, and CHDs. Hence, appropriate interventions are needed to curtail these early onsets by primarily focusing on adolescents.
本研究旨在量化印度青少年脂质异常（非高密度脂蛋白（非 HDL）胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇过高）的负担。脂质异常已成为冠心病（CHD）的重要协变量。
本研究旨在利用 2016-18 年综合国家营养调查（即横断面数据），揭示印度青少年中任何脂质异常的流行情况、其水平以及脂质谱的类型。使用描述性和双变量统计分析来检查患有任何类型脂质异常的个体之间的关联和显著差异。
共纳入了 35830 名年龄在 10 至 19 岁之间的青少年（平均年龄：男性 14.36 岁；标准差=2.81，女性 14.39 岁；标准差=2.78）。大约 77%的青少年患有任何脂质异常。他们的平均血脂水平分别为总胆固醇 140.6（标准差=32.9）、LDL 84.1（标准差=24.8）、HDL 47.3（标准差=10.7）和甘油三酯 95.3（标准差=50.0）。与各自的对照组相比，超重或肥胖（89%，95%置信区间 85，92）和糖尿病前期（81%，95%置信区间 78，83）的青少年中脂质异常的比例更高。此外，相当一部分维生素 A（70%，95%置信区间 68，73）、D（81%，95%置信区间 79，82）和 B12 缺乏（73%，95%置信区间 72，75）以及锌（77%，95%置信区间 76，77）、叶酸（76%，95%置信区间 74，77）和铁缺乏（75%，95%置信区间 73，77）的样本患有任何脂质异常。在饮食不健康的人群中，77%（95%置信区间 76，78）的人患有任何脂质异常。
本研究认为，预防印度青少年脂质异常负担的增加至关重要。维生素和矿物质缺乏以及不健康的饮食习惯与 LDL 和非 HDL 水平升高显著相关。从长远来看，这可能导致高血压、糖尿病和 CHD 的早期发病。因此，需要通过主要关注青少年来实施适当的干预措施，以遏制这些早期发病。
