College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China.
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 15;243:114009. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114009. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Microplastics are ubiquitous in soil ecosystems all over the world through source and migration. It is even estimated that the content of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems exceeds the number of microplastics entering sea ecosystems. However, compared with the research on microplastics in marine ecosystems, the research and discussion on microplastics in soil ecosystems are still less. Transportation, film mulching and sewage sludge are three main sources of soil microplastics. The abundance, polymer type, size and shape of the microplastics are related to the source and they help to clarify the source. The characteristics of microplastics, farming measures, soil animal activities and other factors promote the migration of microplastics, which bring new challenges to the soil ecosystems and humans. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the effects of soil microplasticity on soil properties, plants, animals and microorganisms. The analysis methods of microplastics in soil can refer to the analysis methods of microplastics of aquatic sediments, because soil and aquatic sediments are similar, both of which are complex solid substrates. At present, the development of analytical methods is limited due to the complex matrix of soil and the small volume of microplastics, which requires continuous development and innovation. Through the summary and analysis of related articles, this article reviews the distribution, sources, migration, influence and analysis methods of soil microplastics. This article also critically analyzes the deficiencies in the studies of microplastics in the soil ecosystems, and made some suggestions for future work. The microplastics in soil ecosystems need further research and summary, which will help people further understand the potential hazards of microplastics.
微塑料通过来源和迁移在世界各地的土壤生态系统中无处不在。甚至有人估计，陆地生态系统中微塑料的含量超过了进入海洋生态系统的微塑料数量。然而，与海洋生态系统中微塑料的研究相比，土壤生态系统中微塑料的研究和讨论仍然较少。运输、地膜和污水污泥是土壤微塑料的三个主要来源。微塑料的丰度、聚合物类型、大小和形状与来源有关，有助于阐明来源。微塑料的特征、耕作措施、土壤动物活动等因素促进了微塑料的迁移，给土壤生态系统和人类带来了新的挑战。本文总结了土壤微塑料对土壤性质、植物、动物和微生物影响的最新研究成果。土壤中微塑料的分析方法可以参考水生沉积物中微塑料的分析方法，因为土壤和水生沉积物相似，都是复杂的固体基质。目前，由于土壤基质复杂，微塑料体积小，分析方法的发展受到限制，需要不断发展和创新。通过对相关文章的总结和分析，本文综述了土壤中微塑料的分布、来源、迁移、影响和分析方法。本文还批判性地分析了土壤生态系统中微塑料研究的不足，并对未来的工作提出了一些建议。土壤生态系统中的微塑料需要进一步研究和总结，这将有助于人们进一步了解微塑料的潜在危害。
