University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114195. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114195. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
The occurrence of 50 multi-class pollutants comprising 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 12 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols was studied in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples collected at an industrial area focused on automotive manufacturing located at the Southwestern Atlantic European region (Vigo city, Spain) during 1-year period. Among all quantitated pollutants in PM samples, bisphenol A (BPA) was the most predominant with an average concentration of 6180 pg m, followed by PAHs comprising benzo(b+j)fluoranthene (BbF + BjF) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), accounting for 546 pg m and 413 pg m respectively. In addition, two OPFRs concerning tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO) were the next following the concentration order, accounting for 411 pg m and 367 pg m respectively; being butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) the most profuse PAE (56.1 pg m by average). High relative standard deviations (RSDs) were observed during the whole sampling period, while statistically significant differences were only observed for PAHs concentrations during cold and warm seasons. Furthermore, some water-soluble ions and metal(oid)s were analysed in PM samples to be used as PM source tracers, whose concentrations were quite below the target levels set in the current legislation. Data obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and PAHs molecular indices suggested a pyrogenic and petrogenic origin for PAHs, whereas occurrence of the remaining compounds seems to be attributed to resources used in the automotive industrial activity settled in the sampling area. Moreover, although a substantial anthropogenic source to PM in the area was observed, marine and soil resuspension contributions were also accounted. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by PM-bound pollutants inhalation were assessed, being both averages within the safe level considering the whole period.
研究了在位于西南大西洋欧洲地区（西班牙维哥市）的一个专注于汽车制造的工业区采集的大气颗粒物 (PM) 样本中 50 种多类污染物的发生情况，这些污染物包括 18 种多环芳烃 (PAHs)、12 种邻苯二甲酸酯 (PAEs)、12 种有机磷阻燃剂 (OPFRs)、6 种合成麝香化合物 (SMCs) 和 2 种双酚。在所定量的 PM 样本中的所有污染物中，双酚 A (BPA) 是最主要的，平均浓度为 6180 pg/m3，其次是多环芳烃，包括苯并 (b+j) 荧蒽 (BbF+BjF) 和苯并 (g,h,i) 苝 (BghiP)，分别占 546 pg/m3 和 413 pg/m3。此外，浓度顺序紧随其后的两种 OPFRs 是三 (氯丙基) 磷酸酯 (TCPP) 和三苯基氧化膦 (TPPO)，分别占 411 pg/m3 和 367 pg/m3；邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯 (BBP) 是最丰富的 PAE（平均浓度为 56.1 pg/m3）。在整个采样期间观察到相对标准偏差 (RSD) 较高，而仅在冷暖和温暖季节观察到 PAHs 浓度存在统计学差异。此外，还分析了 PM 样本中的一些水溶性离子和金属（类），用作 PM 源示踪剂，其浓度远低于当前法规设定的目标水平。主成分分析 (PCA) 和 PAHs 分子指标获得的数据表明 PAHs 具有热成因和岩石成因起源，而其余化合物的出现似乎归因于在采样区域开展的汽车工业活动所使用的资源。此外，尽管该地区的 PM 主要来自人为源，但也考虑了海洋和土壤再悬浮的贡献。最后，评估了吸入 PM 结合污染物造成的致癌和非致癌风险，考虑整个时间段，平均值均处于安全水平内。
