Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114202. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114202. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
The rise of "new" sequencing technologies and the development of sophisticated bioinformatics tools have dramatically increased the study of the aquaculture microbiome. Microbial communities exist in complex and dynamic communities that play a vital role in the stability of healthy ecosystems. The gut microbiome contributes to multiple aspects of the host's physiological health status, ranging from nutritional regulation to immune modulation. Although studies of the gut microbiome in aquaculture are growing rapidly, the interrelationships between the aquaculture microbiome and its aquatic environment have not been discussed and summarized. In particular, few reviews have focused on the potential mechanisms driving the alteration of the gut microbiome by surrounding aquatic environmental factors. Here, we review current knowledge on the host gut microbiome and its interrelationship with the microbiome of the surrounding environment, mainly including the main methods for characterizing the gut microbiome, the composition and function of microbial communities, the dynamics of microbial interactions, and the relationship between the gut microbiome and the surrounding water/sediment microbiome. Our review highlights two potential mechanisms for how surrounding aquatic environmental factors drive the gut microbiome. This may deepen the understanding of the interactions between the microbiome and environmental factors. Lastly, we also briefly describe the research gaps in current knowledge and prospects for the future orientation of research. This review provides a framework for studying the complex relationship between the host gut microbiome and environmental stresses to better facilitate the widespread application of microbiome technologies in fisheries and aquaculture.
“新型”测序技术的兴起和复杂生物信息学工具的发展极大地促进了水产养殖微生物组的研究。微生物群落存在于复杂和动态的群落中，对健康生态系统的稳定性起着至关重要的作用。肠道微生物组对宿主生理健康状况的多个方面都有贡献，从营养调节到免疫调节。尽管水产养殖肠道微生物组的研究正在迅速发展，但水产养殖微生物组与其水生环境之间的相互关系尚未得到讨论和总结。特别是，很少有综述关注周围水生环境因素对肠道微生物组的改变的潜在机制。在这里，我们回顾了宿主肠道微生物组及其与周围环境微生物组的相互关系的现有知识，主要包括肠道微生物组的主要特征方法、微生物群落的组成和功能、微生物相互作用的动态以及肠道微生物组与周围水/沉积物微生物组的关系。我们的综述强调了周围水生环境因素驱动肠道微生物组的两种潜在机制。这可能加深对微生物组与环境因素相互作用的理解。最后，我们还简要描述了当前知识中的研究差距和未来研究方向的前景。本综述为研究宿主肠道微生物组与环境胁迫之间的复杂关系提供了一个框架，以更好地促进微生物组技术在渔业和水产养殖中的广泛应用。
