Ottaviani Javier I, Schroeter Hagen, Kuhnle Gunter G C
Mars Edge, McLean, VA, USA.
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG56 6DX, UK.
Mol Aspects Med. 2023 Feb;89:101139. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101139. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Bioactives are food constituents that, while not essential to human life, can affect health. Thus, there is increased interest in developing dietary recommendations for bioactives. Such recommendations require detailed information about the long-term association between habitual intake and health at population scale, and these can only be provided by large-scale observational studies. Nutritional epidemiology relies on the accurate estimation of intake, but currently used methods, commonly based on a 2-step process involving self-reports and food composition tables, are fraught with significant challenges and are unable to estimate the systemic presence of bioactives. Intake assessments based on nutritional biomarkers can provide an advanced alternative, but there are a number of pitfalls that need to be addressed in order to obtain reliable data on intake. Using flavan-3-ols as a case study, we highlight here key challenges and how they may be avoided. Taken together, we believe that the approaches outlined in this review can be applied to a wide range of food constituents, and doing so will improve assessments of the dietary intake of bioactives.
生物活性成分是食物中的组成部分，虽非人类生命所必需，但会影响健康。因此，人们对制定生物活性成分的膳食建议越来越感兴趣。此类建议需要有关人群规模下习惯性摄入量与健康之间长期关联的详细信息，而这些信息只能由大规模观察性研究提供。营养流行病学依赖于摄入量的准确估计，但目前常用的方法通常基于包括自我报告和食物成分表的两步法，存在重大挑战，且无法估计生物活性成分的全身存在情况。基于营养生物标志物的摄入量评估可以提供一种先进的替代方法，但为了获得可靠的摄入量数据，需要解决一些陷阱。以黄烷 - 3 - 醇为例，我们在此强调关键挑战以及如何避免这些挑战。综上所述，我们认为本综述中概述的方法可应用于广泛的食物成分，这样做将改善对生物活性成分膳食摄入量的评估。
