Department of Sport Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
PM R. 2023 Sep;15(9):1194-1209. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12891. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
Several recent studies show a growing popularity of therapeutic climbing (TC) for patients with various conditions. This could be an attempt to fill the gap left by traditional exercises that do not always address physical, mental, and social well-being. This review provides an overview of the physical, mental, and social effects and safety aspects of climbing for different indications.
A literature search was conducted on July 8, 2020 (update search August 26, 2021). We searched MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, and PubMed and bibliographies of included studies, and we conducted a manual search.
Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the studies using appropriate Risk of Bias (RoB) tools, and the level of evidence for each domain was graded. Study characteristics and effectiveness data for TC were extracted and synthesized. Meta-analyses were conducted for the three dimensions (physical/mental/social health), using a random-effects model.
A total of 112 publications were reviewed, and 22 full-text articles were assessed regarding the eligibility criteria, of which 18 trials involving 568 patients were included. TC is safe and positively affects physical (e.g., fitness, motor control, movement velocity, dexterity, strength), mental (e.g., depressiveness, somatisation, psychoticism, emotion regulation, body perception, self-esteem, fatigue), and social (e.g., social functioning, trust, communication, sense of responsibility) health for individuals with neurological, orthopedic, psychiatric, and pediatric ailments. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the physical dimension favoring the climbing group. Improvements that were not statistically significant were found for the mental/social dimensions in the climbing group. The heterogeneity of data was moderate/high (social/mental dimension), and for the physical dimension, data were homogenous.
The studies investigating TC outline its positive effects in various patient groups. TC is a safe and effective treatment for improving physical/mental/social well-being. This review is based on the best available evidence; however, significant gaps remain in providing sufficiently strong evidence.
最近的几项研究表明，治疗性攀岩（TC）在治疗各种疾病的患者中越来越受欢迎。这可能是试图弥补传统运动的不足，因为传统运动并不总是能满足身体、心理和社会的健康需求。本综述概述了不同适应症下攀岩对身体、心理和社会的影响和安全性方面。
于 2020 年 7 月 8 日进行文献检索（更新检索日期为 2021 年 8 月 26 日）。我们通过 Ovid 中的 MEDLINE、Embase 和 PubMed 以及纳入研究的参考文献进行了文献检索，并进行了手工检索。
两位独立的审查员使用适当的风险偏倚（RoB）工具评估研究质量，并对每个领域的证据水平进行分级。提取并综合了 TC 的研究特征和效果数据。使用随机效应模型对三个维度（身体/心理/社会健康）进行了 meta 分析。
共综述了 112 篇文献，其中 22 篇全文文章符合纳入标准，其中 18 项涉及 568 名患者的试验被纳入。TC 是安全的，并积极影响身体（如健康、运动控制、运动速度、灵活性、力量）、心理（如抑郁、躯体化、精神病态、情绪调节、身体感知、自尊、疲劳）和社会（如社会功能、信任、沟通、责任感）健康的个体患有神经、骨科、精神科和儿科疾病。meta 分析显示，攀爬组在身体维度上的改善具有统计学意义。在攀爬组中，心理/社会维度的改善不具有统计学意义。数据的异质性为中度/高度（社会/心理维度），身体维度的数据是同质的。
研究 TC 的研究概述了其在各种患者群体中的积极影响。TC 是一种安全有效的治疗方法，可改善身体/心理/社会健康。本综述基于现有的最佳证据；然而，在提供足够有力的证据方面仍存在显著差距。
