Ruiz Juan C, Fuentes-Durá Inmaculada, López-Gilberte Marta, Dasí Carmen, Pardo-García Cristina, Fuentes-Durán María C, Pérez-González Francisco, Salmeron Ladislao, Soldevila-Matías Pau, Vila-Francés Joan, Balanza-Martínez Vicent
Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 12;13:951894. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951894. eCollection 2022.
A large proportion of studies carried out in recent years in different populations have shown that stigma toward mental disorders is highly prevalent. In the present study we conducted a comprehensive assessment of stigma to describe and compare stigma toward mental disorders in students enrolled in five different university degrees.
Three hundred and twenty-five students from the University of Valencia (Spain), attending the second term of their first-degree courses in the faculties of medicine, psychology, teaching, economics, and data science participated in this cross-sectional study. Stigma was measured using: the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), the Scale of Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness (CAMI), the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27), and the Knowledge about Mental Illness test (KMI).
We found different patterns of stigma according to gender, the fact of knowing or living with a person with mental disorders and the university degree studied. Overall, women show fewer stigmatizing attitudes than men but similar stereotypes and prejudice toward people with mental disorders. However, the pattern of results across degrees is more complex. Overall, students of medicine, psychology and teaching showed fewer stigmatizing attitudes than students of economics and data science but differences between degrees were more subtle in stereotypes and prejudice toward people with mental disorders.
Our study suggests the existence of different profiles of stigma in relation to mental disorders in university students. These profiles varied in relation with the degree being studied, gender and already knowing or living with a person with mental disorders.
近年来在不同人群中开展的大量研究表明，对精神障碍的污名化现象非常普遍。在本研究中，我们对污名化进行了全面评估，以描述和比较就读于五个不同大学学位课程的学生对精神障碍的污名化情况。
来自西班牙巴伦西亚大学的325名学生参与了这项横断面研究，他们正在医学、心理学、教育学、经济学和数据科学等学院攻读第一学位课程的第二学期。使用以下量表来测量污名化程度：报告与预期行为量表（RIBS）、社区对精神疾病态度量表（CAMI）、归因问卷（AQ - 27）以及精神疾病知识测试（KMI）。
我们发现，根据性别、是否认识或与精神障碍患者生活在一起以及所攻读的大学学位，存在不同的污名化模式。总体而言，女性表现出的污名化态度比男性少，但对精神障碍患者的刻板印象和偏见相似。然而，不同学位的结果模式更为复杂。总体而言，医学、心理学和教育学专业的学生表现出的污名化态度比经济学和数据科学专业的学生少，但在对精神障碍患者的刻板印象和偏见方面，不同学位之间的差异更为细微。
我们的研究表明，大学生中存在与精神障碍相关的不同污名化特征。这些特征因所攻读的学位、性别以及是否已经认识或与精神障碍患者生活在一起而有所不同。
