医学专业学生对精神疾病患者的污名化：一项多中心研究。
A multicentric study on stigma towards people with mental illness in health sciences students.
机构信息
Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2021 Jun 7;21(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02695-8.
BACKGROUND
There is evidence of negative attitudes among health professionals towards people with mental illness but there is also a knowledge gap on what training must be given to these health professionals during their education. The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of students of health sciences: nursing, medical, occupational therapy, and psychology.
METHODS
A comparative and cross-sectional study in which 927 final-year students from health sciences university programmes were evaluated using the Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (both MICA-2 and MICA-4) scale. The sample was taken in six universities from Chile and Spain.
RESULTS
We found consistent results indicating that stigma varies across university programmes. Medical and nursing students showed more negative attitudes than psychology and occupational therapy students in several stigma-related themes: recovery, dangerousness, uncomfortability, disclosure, and discriminatory behaviour.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study presents a relevant description of the attitudes of each university programme for education against stigma in the formative years. Results show that the biomedical understanding of mental disorders can have negative effects on attitudes, and that education based on the psychosocial model allows a more holistic view of the person over the diagnosis.
背景
有证据表明，卫生专业人员对精神病患者持负面态度，但对于这些卫生专业人员在教育过程中必须接受哪些培训，仍存在知识差距。本研究的目的是比较护理、医学、职业治疗和心理学专业的卫生科学专业学生的态度。
方法
这是一项比较性和横断面研究，我们使用《精神疾病：临床医生的态度》（MICA-2 和 MICA-4）量表评估了来自智利和西班牙六所大学的 927 名卫生科学专业的应届毕业生。
结果
我们发现了一致的结果，表明在不同的大学专业中，污名存在差异。在与污名相关的几个主题上，如康复、危险性、不适性、披露和歧视行为，医学和护理专业的学生比心理学和职业治疗专业的学生表现出更消极的态度。
结论
我们的研究对形成期教育反污名的每个大学专业的态度进行了相关描述。结果表明，对精神障碍的生物医学理解可能对态度产生负面影响，而基于心理社会模式的教育可以对患者进行更全面的诊断。
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