Michaleas Spyros N, Veskoukis Aristidis S, Samonis George, Pantos Constantinos, Androutsos Georges, Karamanou Marianna
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Maedica (Bucur). 2022 Jun;17(2):532-537. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.532.
Mateu Joseph Bonaventura Orfila i Rotger was a prominent Spanish chemist and scholar of the 19th century whose experimental work has enormously contributed to the progress of toxicology. Being a pioneer with his research on the effects of toxins and antidotes on live animals, he established basic principles of modern medicine and pharmacology. Orfila improved the accuracy of several chemical techniques such as the Marsh test. He served as an expert and well-known scientific investigator in important legal trials involving alleged poisonings with arsenic and other chemical substances. In 1840, he was asked to investigate the notorious case of Charles Lafarge's death, whose wife had been accused with murder by poisoning his food with arsenic. After four failed chemical analyses, Orfila was finally able to detect arsenic in the victim's body, leading the court to convict Madame Lafarge. Due to his overall contribution to the field, Orfila is considered the father of modern toxicology.
马特乌·约瑟夫·博纳文图拉·奥尔菲拉·伊·罗特格是19世纪一位杰出的西班牙化学家和学者，他的实验工作为毒理学的发展做出了巨大贡献。作为研究毒素和解毒剂对活体动物影响的先驱，他确立了现代医学和药理学的基本原则。奥尔菲拉改进了几种化学技术的准确性，如马什检验法。他在涉及砷和其他化学物质中毒指控的重要法律审判中担任专家和著名的科学调查员。1840年，他被要求调查查尔斯·拉法热死亡的臭名昭著的案件，其妻子被指控用砷毒害他的食物而犯有谋杀罪。经过四次失败的化学分析后，奥尔菲拉最终在受害者体内检测到了砷，导致法庭判定拉法热夫人有罪。由于他对该领域的整体贡献，奥尔菲拉被认为是现代毒理学之父。
