Anderson Neil, Button Chris, Lamb Peter
School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 10;13:936680. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.936680. eCollection 2022.
Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency does not develop solely due to maturation, but also diverse perceptual-motor experiences across childhood. Practicing gymnastics has been shown to improve postural control. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential changes to postural control of children following a course of educational gymnastics. Two groups of children both completed 20 × 45-min physical education (PE) lessons; one group ( = 43, age = 6.4 ± 0.7, 56% male) completed educational gymnastics lessons in school delivered by a professional coach, the other group completed their typical PE classes ( = 18, age = 6.5 ± 0.3, 33% male). Unipedal balancing performance was assessed by calculating the percentage of successful trials made. Postural sway dynamics were explored by calculating center-of-pressure sample entropy, 95% ellipse sway area and sway velocity. Measurements were taken before the lessons began and immediately after the lessons were completed. The gymnastics group performed better than the typical PE group at unipedal balancing. Females outperformed males in both groups. Males made different changes to postural control (i.e., increased sway regularity and improved stability) compared to females across 3 months. Educational gymnastics enabled children in a critical period of development to make more rapid improvements to postural performance and control. Novel movement experiences, like those offered by educational gymnastics, may have a positive influence on postural control and importantly, physical literacy. Future work should examine how sex effects the development of postural control strategies in young children.
基本运动技能（FMS）的熟练程度并非仅由成熟度决定，还受到儿童期各种感知运动体验的影响。已有研究表明，练习体操可改善姿势控制。本研究的目的是考察接受一系列教育体操课程后儿童姿势控制的潜在变化。两组儿童均完成了20节×45分钟的体育课；一组（n = 43，年龄 = 6.4 ± 0.7，男性占56%）在学校由专业教练授课，完成教育体操课程，另一组完成其常规体育课（n = 18，年龄 = 6.5 ± 0.3，男性占33%）。通过计算成功试验的百分比来评估单脚平衡表现。通过计算压力中心样本熵、95%椭圆摆动面积和摆动速度来探究姿势摆动动态。在课程开始前和课程结束后立即进行测量。体操组在单脚平衡方面的表现优于常规体育课组。两组中女性的表现均优于男性。在3个月的时间里，与女性相比，男性在姿势控制方面有不同的变化（即摆动规律性增加和稳定性提高）。教育体操使处于关键发育阶段的儿童在姿势表现和控制方面能更快地得到改善。新颖的运动体验，如教育体操所提供的体验，可能对姿势控制以及重要的身体素养产生积极影响。未来的研究应考察性别如何影响幼儿姿势控制策略的发展。
