Pugliese Giovanni, Trefz Phillip, Weippert Matthias, Pollex Johannes, Bruhn Sven, Schubert Jochen K, Miekisch Wolfram, Sukul Pritam
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany.
Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2022 Aug 12;13:946401. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946401. eCollection 2022.
Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points. Respiratory-cardiac parameters and exhalation of several blood-borne volatiles changed continuously with the course of exercise and increasing workloads. Exhaled volatiles mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic effects and depended on the origin and/or physicochemical properties of the substances. At the maximum workload, endogenous isoprene, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide, acetaldehyde, butanal, butyric acid and acetone concentrations decreased significantly by 74, 25, 35, 46, 21, 2 and 2%, respectively. Observed trends in exogenous cyclohexadiene and acetonitrile mimicked isoprene profile due to their similar solubility and volatility. Assignment of anaerobic threshold was possible via breath acetone. Breathomics enabled instant profiling of physio-metabolic effects and anaerobic thresholds during exercise. Profiles of exhaled volatiles indicated effects from muscular vasoconstriction, compartmental distribution of perfusion, extra-alveolar gas-exchange and energy homeostasis. Sulfur containing compounds and butyric acid turned out to be interesting for investigations of combined diet and exercise programs. Reproducible metabolic breath patterns have enhanced scopes of breathomics in sports science/medicine.
在力竭运动期间，将呼吸分析与肺功能测定相结合，以对生理代谢状态进行无创分析。14名健康成年人进行递增负荷运动试验直至力竭，在此过程中，利用基于实时质谱的方法对呼出代谢物进行连续分析，并同时进行呼吸分辨肺功能测定和心率监测。在特定时间点分析动脉血乳酸水平。呼吸和心脏参数以及几种血源性挥发性物质的呼出量随运动过程和工作量增加而不断变化。呼出的挥发性物质反映了通气和/或血流动力学效应，并取决于物质的来源和/或物理化学性质。在最大工作量时，内源性异戊二烯、甲硫醇、二甲基硫醚、乙醛、丁醛、丁酸和丙酮的浓度分别显著下降了74%、25%、35%、46%、21%、2%和2%。由于外源性环己二烯和乙腈的溶解度和挥发性相似，观察到它们的趋势与异戊二烯相似。通过呼气丙酮可以确定无氧阈值。呼吸组学能够即时分析运动期间的生理代谢效应和无氧阈值。呼出挥发性物质的图谱表明了肌肉血管收缩、灌注的区域分布、肺泡外气体交换和能量稳态的影响。含硫化合物和丁酸对于联合饮食和运动计划的研究很有意义。可重复的代谢呼吸模式扩大了呼吸组学在运动科学/医学中的应用范围。
