Waugh Christian E, Vlasenko Valeriia V, McRae Kateri
Dept. of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109 USA.
Dept. of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, Denver, CO 80210 USA.
Affect Sci. 2022 Aug 24;3(3):653-661. doi: 10.1007/s42761-022-00129-2. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Although reappraisal has been shown to be a highly successfully emotion regulation strategy, it requires several sequential steps, and it is still unclear when in the reappraisal process emotion changes. We experimentally dissociated the generation of reappraisals from their implementation and hypothesized that the biggest emotional effects would occur during implementation. In Study 1, participants ( = 106) saw a negative image and generated either just positive reappraisals (GEN ++) or positive and negative reappraisals (GEN +-). They then saw the image again and implemented either their positive reappraisals (for the GEN ++ and half of the GEN +- trials) or negative reappraisals (for the other half of GEN +- trials). Although there were small and significant changes in emotion when generating reappraisals, the robust changes in emotion that are typically observed during reappraisal occurred during implementation. In Study 2 ( = 130), we directly replicated the findings from Study 1 and demonstrated that this small emotional effect from just generating reappraisals was not due to discounting the forthcoming implementation goal. In summary, for the first time, we successfully dissociated reappraisal generation from implementation and show that the biggest emotional effects occur during implementation. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding emotion regulation, the neural underpinnings of reappraisal, and the conditions for reappraisal success in clinical contexts.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00129-2.
尽管重新评价已被证明是一种非常成功的情绪调节策略，但它需要几个连续的步骤，而且在重新评价过程中情绪何时发生变化仍不清楚。我们通过实验将重新评价的产生与实施分离开来，并假设在实施过程中会产生最大的情绪影响。在研究1中，参与者（n = 106）观看了一张负面图片，并只产生积极的重新评价（GEN ++）或积极和消极的重新评价（GEN +-）。然后他们再次观看图片，并实施他们的积极重新评价（针对GEN ++和一半的GEN +-试验）或消极重新评价（针对另一半的GEN +-试验）。尽管在产生重新评价时情绪有微小但显著的变化，但在重新评价过程中通常观察到的强烈情绪变化发生在实施过程中。在研究2（n = 130）中，我们直接复制了研究1的结果，并证明仅产生重新评价所带来的这种微小情绪影响并非由于对即将到来的实施目标的折扣。总之，我们首次成功地将重新评价的产生与实施分离开来，并表明最大的情绪影响发生在实施过程中。我们讨论了这些发现对于理解情绪调节、重新评价的神经基础以及临床环境中重新评价成功的条件的意义。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42761-022-00129-2获取的补充材料。
