Vlasenko Valeriia V, Tucker Wesley K, Waugh Christian E
Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University.
Emotion. 2024 Aug;24(5):1286-1298. doi: 10.1037/emo0001331. Epub 2024 Feb 15.
Although it is well established that positive reappraisal-changing the way one thinks about an emotional event to feel more positive about it-is an effective emotion regulation strategy, researchers have only recently begun to characterize the relative utility and effectiveness of different forms of positive reappraisal. We propose that temporal orientation-thinking about the past versus the future-may be one particularly useful characterization of positive reappraisal. In three studies, participants were instructed to use positive reappraisal to feel better about a stressor and we either measured (Studies 1 and 3) or manipulated (Study 2) the orientation of those reappraisals to the future or to the past. The findings demonstrated that people tended to use reappraisals that were more future oriented than past oriented (Studies 1 and 3). In addition, although both forms of reappraisals were effective at regulating emotion, future-oriented reappraisals were slightly more effective at increasing positive emotion (Study 2) and higher in perceived effectiveness (Study 3). Lastly, people generated reappraisals that were more oriented to the past in response to stressors that were familiar (Studies 1 and 3) and/or chronic (Study 3); however, the future orientation of their reappraisals was insensitive to the characteristics of the stressors. Our results suggest that there is a clear distinction in the utility and effectiveness of past-oriented and future-oriented forms of positive reappraisal, suggesting that this novel characterization of positive reappraisals by their temporal orientation may prove critical for more fully understanding the effectiveness of positive reappraisal for regulating emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
尽管人们已经充分认识到积极重新评价——改变一个人对情感事件的思考方式以对其感觉更积极——是一种有效的情绪调节策略，但研究人员直到最近才开始描述不同形式的积极重新评价的相对效用和有效性。我们提出，时间取向——思考过去与未来——可能是积极重新评价的一种特别有用的特征描述。在三项研究中，参与者被指示使用积极重新评价来更好地应对压力源，我们要么测量（研究1和3）要么操纵（研究2）这些重新评价是面向未来还是面向过去。研究结果表明，人们倾向于使用比面向过去更多地面向未来的重新评价（研究1和3）。此外，尽管两种形式的重新评价在调节情绪方面都有效，但面向未来的重新评价在增加积极情绪方面略更有效（研究2）且在感知有效性方面更高（研究3）。最后，人们在应对熟悉的（研究1和3）和/或慢性的（研究3）压力源时会产生更多地面向过去的重新评价；然而，他们重新评价的未来取向对压力源的特征不敏感。我们的结果表明，面向过去和面向未来的积极重新评价形式在效用和有效性方面存在明显差异，这表明这种通过时间取向对积极重新评价进行的新颖特征描述可能对于更全面地理解积极重新评价在调节情绪方面的有效性至关重要。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
