Genetic polymorphism of and genes in Holstein calves and its associations with calf birth weight.

The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphic structures of and genes of Holstein calves bred in Gümüşhane province of Türkiye, to determine the distribution of genotype and allele gene frequencies, as well as examine the effects of determined polymorphisms on birth weight of calves. I polymorphisms of and genes were identified in DNA isolated from blood samples of 100 Holstein calves used in the study, using the PCR-RFLP method. According to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium test, it was observed that the distribution of genotype frequencies of I polymorphisms of genes in the studied population was in equilibrium, but not in equilibrium in terms of gene location. The AA, AB, and BB genotype frequencies of the gene in the population were 13.4 %, 40.2 %, and 46.3 %, respectively; the frequency of the A allele was 0.34, while for B allele it was 0.66. The AA, AB, and BB genotype frequencies of the gene were found to be 24.5 %, 36.7 %, and 38.8 %, respectively; the frequency of the A allele was 0.43 and the frequency of the B allele was 0.57. According to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium test, the distribution of genotype frequencies was in equilibrium in the /I polymorphism, but not in the /I polymorphism. A statistically significant relationship was not found between the genotypes of both polymorphic regions and calf birth weight.