Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
J Comp Neurol. 2022 Dec;530(18):3157-3178. doi: 10.1002/cne.25400. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Neuropeptide S (NPS) increases wakefulness. A small number of neurons in the brainstem express Nps. These neurons are located in or near the parabrachial nucleus (PB), but we know very little about their ontogeny, connectivity, and function. To identify Nps-expressing neurons within the molecular framework of the PB region, we used in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and Cre-reporter labeling in mice. The primary concentration of Nps-expressing neurons borders the lateral lemniscus at far-rostral levels of the lateral PB. Caudal to this main cluster, Nps-expressing neurons scatter through the PB and form a secondary concentration medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Most Nps-expressing neurons in the PB region are Atoh1-derived, Foxp2-expressing, and mutually exclusive with neurons expressing Calca or Lmx1b. Among Foxp2-expressing PB neurons, those expressing Nps are distinct from intermingled subsets expressing Cck or Pdyn. Examining Nps Cre-reporter expression throughout the brain identified novel populations of neurons in the nucleus incertus, anterior hypothalamus, and lateral habenula. This information will help focus experimental questions about the connectivity and function of NPS neurons.
神经肽 S（NPS）增加觉醒。一小部分位于脑干中的神经元表达 NPS。这些神经元位于臂旁核（PB）内或附近，但我们对它们的发生、连接和功能知之甚少。为了在 PB 区域的分子框架内识别 NPS 表达神经元，我们在小鼠中使用了原位杂交、免疫荧光和 Cre 报告基因标记。表达 NPS 的神经元的主要浓度在 PB 的外侧远头部边界与外侧丘系相邻。在这个主要簇的尾部，NPS 表达神经元散布在 PB 中，并在蓝斑核（LC）的内侧形成一个次要浓度。PB 区域的大多数 NPS 表达神经元是 Atoh1 衍生的、Foxp2 表达的，与表达 Calca 或 Lmx1b 的神经元相互排斥。在表达 Foxp2 的 PB 神经元中，表达 NPS 的神经元与混合表达 Cck 或 Pdyn 的子集不同。在整个大脑中检查 Nps Cre 报告基因的表达，确定了在未定核、下丘脑前区和外侧缰核中有新的神经元群体。这些信息将有助于聚焦关于 NPS 神经元连接和功能的实验问题。
