Public Health Specialist at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie, North Eastern Ethiopia.
Academician and Researcher at School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 29;17(8):e0271962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271962. eCollection 2022.
Available evidence showed that metabolic syndrome in the adult population is persistently elevated due to nutrition transition, genetic predisposition, individual-related lifestyle factors, and other environmental risks. However, in developing nations, the burden and scientific evidence on the pattern, and risk exposures for the development of the metabolic syndrome were not adequately investigated. Thus, the study aimed to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to identify specific risk factors among adult populations who visited Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 419 adults attending Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 25 to February 29, 2020. We used the WHO STEP-wise approach for non-communicable disease surveillance to assess participants' disease condition. Metabolic syndrome was measured using the harmonized criteria recommended by the International Diabetes Federation Task Force in 2009. Data were explored for missing values, outliers and multicollinearity before presenting the summary statistics and regression results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to disentangle statistically significant predictors of metabolic syndrome expressed using an odds ratio with a 95% of uncertainty interval. All statistical tests were managed using SPSS version 26. A non-linear dose-response analysis was performed to show the relationships between metabolic syndromes with potential risk factors.
The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults was 35.0% (95% CI, (30.5, 39.8)). Women were more affected than men (i.e. 40.3% vs 29.4%). After adjusting for other variables, being female [OR = 1.85; 95% CI (1.01, 3.38)], urban residence [OR = 1.94; 95% CI (1.08, 3.24)], increased age [OR = 18.23; 95% CI (6.66, 49.84)], shorter sleeping durations [OR = 4.62; 95% CI (1.02, 20.98)], sedentary behaviour [OR = 4.05; 95% CI (1.80, 9.11)], obesity [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (1.20, 8.18)] and alcohol drinking [OR = 2.85; 95% CI (1.27,6.39)] were positively associated with the adult metabolic syndrome. Whilst have no formal education [OR = 0.30; 95% CI (0.12, 0.74)] was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome.
The prevalence of adult metabolic syndrome is found to be high. Metabolic syndrome has linear relationships with BMI, physical activity, sleep duration, and level of education. The demographic and behavioural factors are strongly related with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Since most of the factors are modifiable, there should be urgent large-scale community intervention programs focusing on increased physical activity, healthy sleep, weight management, minimize behavioural risk factors, and healthier food interventions targeting a lifecycle approach. The existing policy should be evaluated whether due attention has given to prevention strategies of NCDs.
由于营养转型、遗传易感性、个体相关生活方式因素和其他环境风险，成年人中的代谢综合征持续升高。然而，在发展中国家，关于代谢综合征的模式、风险因素暴露以及发生的负担和科学证据尚未得到充分调查。因此，本研究旨在测量埃塞俄比亚德西综合专科医院成年人群中代谢综合征的患病率，并确定其特定的风险因素。
这是一项 2020 年 1 月 25 日至 2 月 29 日期间在德西综合专科医院进行的基于医院的横断面研究，研究对象为随机抽取的 419 名成年人。我们使用世界卫生组织（WHO）的逐步方法进行非传染性疾病监测，以评估参与者的疾病状况。代谢综合征采用国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）工作队 2009 年推荐的协调标准进行测量。在呈现汇总统计数据和回归结果之前，我们对缺失值、异常值和多重共线性进行了探索。使用比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）表示多变量逻辑回归，用于分离代谢综合征的统计学显著预测因子。所有统计检验均使用 SPSS 版本 26 进行管理。我们进行了非线性剂量-反应分析，以显示代谢综合征与潜在风险因素之间的关系。
成年人中代谢综合征的总体患病率为 35.0%（95%CI，30.5-39.8）。女性的患病率高于男性（即 40.3%比 29.4%）。在调整其他变量后，女性（OR=1.85；95%CI（1.01-3.38））、城市居住（OR=1.94；95%CI（1.08-3.24））、年龄增长（OR=18.23；95%CI（6.66-49.84））、睡眠时间缩短（OR=4.62；95%CI（1.02-20.98））、久坐行为（OR=4.05；95%CI（1.80-9.11））、肥胖（OR=3.14；95%CI（1.20-8.18））和饮酒（OR=2.85；95%CI（1.27-6.39））与成年人代谢综合征呈正相关。而没有正规教育（OR=0.30；95%CI（0.12-0.74））与代谢综合征呈负相关。
成年人代谢综合征的患病率很高。代谢综合征与 BMI、身体活动、睡眠持续时间和教育水平呈线性关系。人口统计学和行为因素与代谢综合征的风险密切相关。由于大多数因素是可改变的，因此应紧急开展大规模的社区干预项目，重点关注增加身体活动、健康睡眠、体重管理、减少行为风险因素以及针对全生命周期的健康饮食干预措施。现有的政策应评估是否给予了预防非传染性疾病策略的足够关注。
